第七章    增补与省略
    Addition & Omission in Translation
课堂互动1： 翻译句子，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译文）
1．The purposes of his journey were both military and political.
【译文】这次旅行既有军事上的目的，又有政治上的目的。
2．Some of the gases in the air are fairly constant in amount, while others are not.
【译文】空气中有些气体的含量相当稳定，有些就不稳定。
3．You may apply in person or by letter.
【译文】你可以本人亲自去申请或寄信去申请。
4．Some go only for one year, many for two, but never longer, unless the ship which is to bring them out cannot reach their base.
                  (W. M. Smith: In the Antarctic)
【译文】有些人在这里呆一年，也有人要呆两年，但绝对不会再久，除非去接他们的船只到不了基地。
5．He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (William Thackeray: Vanity Fair)
【译文】他是个聪明人，很好相处，就是学习不肯用功；老是东挪西借，还喜欢上酒馆喝上两口。
课堂互动2： 翻译句子，注意补译替代部分使句意完整（参考译文）
1．—Did you enjoy your time in  Nanjing？
    —Yes, I did.
【译文】——你在南京过得愉快吗？
            ——是的，我过得很愉快。
2．—Is matter in constant motion and in constant change?
    —Yes, it is.
【译文】——物质是在不断地运动和变化着吗？
            ——是的，物质是在不断地运动和变化着。
3．For errors had been made, bad ones.
【译文】因为错误已经出了不少， 而且还是很严重的错误。
4．I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.
【译文】希望会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。
课堂互动3： 翻译句子，注意解释说明（参考译文）
1．He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life and death.
【译文】他一直生活在沙漠里，每杯水都可能是生死攸关之大事，必须精打细算地用。
2．If one had but two heads and neither required sleep! （=It would be good if one had but two heads and neither required sleep!）
【译文】人要是有两个脑袋，而且都不需要休息就好了。
3．And the music of the pearl drifted to a whisper and disappeared.
【译文】珍珠之歌随波荡漾，余音袅袅，后来完全溶入了滚滚波涛。
4．Saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business. /What saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business.
【译文】一个人不能不储蓄存钱，就像一个企业不能没有利润效益一样。
5．And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his army of the future.
【译文】接着他发表了长篇演说，振振有词地把他设想中的未来军队鼓吹了一番。
课堂互动4： 翻译句子，根据语境、语义增词（参考译文）
1．People in the square melted away.
【译文】广场上的人们渐渐散去了。
2．This is the drink of hot weather.
【译文】这是大热天理想的饮料。
3．He was weak and old.
【译文】他身体衰弱，年纪也大了。
4．The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.
【译文】这间大厅有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、时尚新潮、没有回声。
5．Mr Linton was not far behind; he opened the gate himself and sauntered slowly up, probably enjoying the lovely afternoon that breathed as soft summer. (Emily Brontë: Wuthering Heights)
【译文】林惇先生在后面不远；他自己开了大门，慢慢蹓跶过来，大概是想享受这风和日丽、宛如夏日的下午时光。
课堂互动5： 翻译下列句子，注意逻辑修辞（参考译文）
earnest
1．Illness prevented him from doing his work.
【译文】他因病不能干活。
2．Possessing high conductivity of heat and electricity, aluminum finds wide application in industry.
【译文】由于铝具有良好的导热性及导电性，所以在工业上获得了广泛应用。
3．Social evils were fundamentally caused by economic inequality.
【译文】从根本上说，社会罪恶是由经济不平等所造成的。
4．The rapid expansion of industrialization throughout the world must lead to a progressive exhaustion of natural resources.
【译文】由于工业化在全世界迅速发展，自然资源必然逐步趋向枯竭。
5．Their (the Curie’s) discovery brought about a revolution in the understanding of a structure of matter.
【译文】由于居里夫妇的发现，人类对物质结构的认识发生了一次革命。
6．You are only young once. At the time it seems endless, and is gone in a flash; and then for a very long time you are old.
【译文】人一生年轻只有一次，似乎永远不完，而逝去就在瞬间，尔后很长很长一段时间都是老年。
7．They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.
【译文】好书可比作人们呼吸的空气，到处可得，花费不多，裨益很大，我们所吸取的都来自书本。
8．A little yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.
【译文】一个要饭的，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣着褴褛，瘸腿，胡须满面。9．Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.
【译文】只听到女人们在尖叫，小孩们在欢闹，男人们则静静地立在那儿袖手旁观，饶有兴味地等着看结果。
9．Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.
【译文】只听到女人们在尖叫，小孩们在欢闹，男人们则静静地立在那儿袖手旁观，饶有兴味地等着看结果。
10．His eyes, wide and wet, at last flashed fiercely on her; his breast heaved convulsively. (Emily Brontë: Wuthering Heights)
【译文】他睁大双眼，含着泪水，最后猛地向她一闪，胸口激动地起伏着。
课堂互动6：翻译下列句子，注意冠词、代词的省译（参考译文）
1．By analysis, we mean analyzing the contradictions in things.
【译文】所谓分析, 就是分析事物的矛盾。
2．I am not a poet; I could not write a single line to depict its beauty.
【译文】我不是诗人，我写不出一行诗句来描绘它的美丽。
3．Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and our daughter, who is four, won’t go to school until next year.