第二章词法翻译
2.1 具体翻译
1. violence
【译文】暴力事件
2. confusion
【译文】混乱状态
3. individualism
【译文】个人主义
4. public security
【译文】社会治安问题
5. inflation
【译文】通货膨胀问题
6. trade volume
【译文】成交情况
7. independence
【译文】独立地位
8. R&D
【译文】研发活动
9. to do evil things openly
【译文】明火执仗
10. to be full of anxiety and worry
【译文】牵肠挂肚
11. a great and thorough-going change 【译文】翻天覆地的变化
12. great in momentum and irresistible 【译文】声势浩大，不可阻挡
13. A good conscience is a soft pillow. 【译文】良心过得去，睡觉才安稳。
14. Love lives in cottages as well as courts.
【译文】爱情不分贵贱。
15. You should not show your hand to a stranger.
【译文】对陌生人要保持戒心。
16. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog.
【译文】请不要惹是生非。
17. I have no head for music.
【译文】我没有音乐方面的天赋。
18. Vietnam War was his entree to the new Administration as a foreign policy consultant.
【译文】越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖，他成了新政府的对外政策顾问。
19. Action and foresight will be needed as well as learning and reputation.
【译文】不但需要德高望重的学者，而且需要有远见卓识的实干家。
20. Every life has its roses and throns.
【译文】每个人的生活都有苦有甜。
21. In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is King.
【译文1】山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。
【译文2】蜀中无大将，廖化作先锋。
22. He brought his pigs to the wrong market in doing business.
【译文】他做生意亏了本。
23. His skipping classes will get him into real hot water.
less is more 翻译【译文】旷课会给她带来麻烦。
24. The Politburo gave the go-ahead to Brezhnev.
【译文】政治局给勃利日涅夫开了绿灯。
25. He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.
【译文】在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。
26. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete
the works of death, desolation
【译文】他此刻正在调遣大量外籍雇佣军，要把我们斩尽杀绝，把我们的房屋夷为废墟，使我们的人民受躏于暴虐专制……
27. ...her mountains with bright aerial tints; her valleys teeming with wild fertility;
her boundless plains waving with
【译文】她那高山峻岭，霞光映照，五光十。她那山谷之中，草木繁茂，禽鸟飞鸣；她那一望无垠的大草原，绿浪涌动，一碧万顷。
28. There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness.
【译文】他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐的问题。
29. He is an influence for good in the town.
【译文】他是这城里影响他人行善的人。
30. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs.
【译文】小伙子年轻英俊，你知道的，可脑子里却是一张白纸。
31. Tess sat up in bed,lost in a vague interspace between a dream and this information.
【译文】苔丝从床上坐了起来，一听这个话，一半朦胧，一半清醒，一时不知如何是好。
32. Hesitation of any kind is a sign of mental decay in the young，of physical weakness in the old.
【译文】犹豫不决，无论是什么姿态，都显示青年人的智力衰退，老年人的体力虚弱。(余光中译)
【解析】这句话中的抽象名词也不少，如“hesitation”“decay”“weakness”，翻译时都要将这些词具体化。
33. Wisdom prepares for the worst；but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes. 【译文】聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴掘井。(包惠南译)
【解析】这里的“wisdom”和“folly”都是抽象名词，翻译时一定要将概念具象化，翻成“聪明人”和“愚蠢者”才符合汉语读者的思维习惯。
34. In line with latest trends in fashion，a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.
【译文】有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。（包惠南译）
【解析】句中的“elegance”和“audacity”同样是抽象词，对于习惯于抽象思维的英美读者来说，词义明确、措词简练。但在翻译时若不添加具体的意象，容易造成歧义，也不符合汉语遣词造句的行文习惯。
35. She suddenly broke into a fury and leapt on my knees. I flung her back, and
hastened to interpose the table between us.（Wuthering Heights）
【译文】它忽然暴怒，跳到我的膝盖上。我把它推开，赶忙拉过一桌子作挡箭牌。
36. She was slender, and apparently scarcely past girlhood; an admirable form, and
the most exquisite little face that I have ever had the pleasure of beholding;