华兹华斯《丁登寺赋》注析(I)
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour. July 13, 1798 By William Wordsworth
※ 题解: 此诗标题甚长,胡家峦翻译为“丁登寺赋”,副题题为“重游怀河河谷后赋于丁登寺数英里处,1798年7月13日”,堪得神旨。(此处,Line即诗、诗行的意思。compose=write, “赋”之一字,颇具古意,中西合璧,相得相彰。) 华兹华斯的作品最显赫也最富有激荡人心的诗性力量的地方在于他对大自然饱含深情的咏赞,他是“讴歌自然的诗人”(雪莱)。但诗人绝不止于描述自然的景和观感,其根本的用意在于揭示大自然给人的心灵带来良善和纯净的精神力量。他以敏感的情思和丰富的想象来体会并且礼赞大自然对孤苦无告的现代生命的安慰和拯救,并在此饱含了他对自然与上帝、自然与童年、自然与人生和谐同一的哲性思考,《丁登寺》这首诗可以作为他将这一境界抒发升华到美的极致的代表。这首诗收入《抒情歌谣集》的最后一首,堪称压卷之作。诗人自述,“我的诗中,可数这一首诗的情况回忆起来最为愉快”。诗人郑重地记下写作此诗的具体年月日,仿若带有某种庄重的仪式感,“在我们的生命中有若干个凝固的时间点/卓越超,瑰伟壮丽/让我们在困顿之时为
之一振”。《丁登寺》所抒写的与大自然的体验就是诗人生命中的一个“凝固的时间点”。全诗共5段,就主题而言,构成了abcba的模式。
Five years have past; five summers, with the length (注1:five,三次重复,凸显岁月漫长,尤其显示此间法国大革命之际作者所经历的思想风暴及其消逝。)
Of five long winters! and again I hear
(注2: again,,在第2,4,9,14行,凡四见,将过去与现在融汇与怀河河谷,将自然的稳定性与自身的变化加以对照。)
These waters, rolling from their mountain-springs With a soft inland murmur.—Once again (注3: soft inland murmur,柔和的内河潺潺低语 )
Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs, (注4: behold,文学用法,=to see or to look at sth. Steep,陡峭的;Loft,高耸的; cliffs,悬崖。)
That on a wild secluded scene impress(=stamp) Thoughts of more deep seclusion; an
hermitd connect (注5: 此二行表明:犹如崇山峻岭印在偏僻荒野的自然景之上,思想印在更为幽深的头脑里,暗示人--小宇宙与自然--大宇宙的对应。)
The landscape with the quiet of the sky. The day is come when I again repose(=rest) Here, under this dark sycamore, and view (注6: dark=with thick foliage枝繁叶茂, sycamore【欧洲的】桐叶槭。)
These plots of cottage-ground, these orchard-tufts, (注7: 村舍密布的田野,簇生的果树园,orchard-tufts=clusters of fruit trees,簇生的果树园。)
Which at this season, with their unripe(未成熟的) fruits, Are clad(=closed) in one green hue(=color,【literary】), and lose themselves (注8: 此处为以物观物,未着己之彩。Green一词在第1段凡两见。)
'Mid(=amid, prep.在其间;在其中) groves and copses. Once again I see These hedge-rows(篱笆), hardly hedge-rows, little lines Of sportive(=playful,调皮的)wood run wild: these pastoral farms, Green to the very door; and wreaths of smoke Sent up, in silence, fr
om among the trees! (注9: 在这两行诗歌中,s音的5次重复加强了炊烟从林中袅袅升起的声音效果,也衬托出此处的寂静。)
With some uncertain notice, as might seem (注10: notice=information,intimation,前面以uncertain修饰之,是因为周围似乎没人,诗人对炊烟来源不敢断定。)
Of vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods, 20
Or of some Hermit's cave, where by his fire The Hermit sits alone. (注11: 自第1行至第22【前半】行为序诗,描写怀河的景,确认了第2段较早的一次访问中对怀河的回忆。其中每提及一个事物都把它和另一个事物联系起来。这样,五年前和现在的两个时刻就被系于同一地点。)