常见英语修辞格（总结版）
英语常见的修辞格
Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.
1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like，as，as if，as though等，例如：
1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.
隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs，shells and bullets……
德国人的炮和飞机将、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
3) Analogy: (类比）Reasoning or explaining from parallel cases. A simile is an expressed analogy; a metaphor is an implied one. Itis also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogydraws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
1. Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence.
(Sydney J. Harris, "What True Education Should Do," 1964)
"Writing a book of poetry is like dropping a rose petal down the Grand Canyon and waiting for the echo."
(Don Marquis)
2."Being obsessed with deficit reduction when the economy has suffered its largest
setback since the Depression is like being obsessed with water conservation when your house is on fire--an admirable impulse, poorly timed."
(Daniel Gross, "A Birder's Guide to D.C." Newsweek, Nov. 16, 2009)
3."Harrison Ford is like one of those sports cars that advertise acceleration from 0 to 60 m.p.h. in three or four seconds. He can go from slightly broody inaction to ferocious reaction in approximately the same time span. And he handles the tight turns and corkscrew twists of a suspense story without losing his balance or leaving skid marks on the film. But maybe the best and most interesting thing about him is that he doesn't look particularly sleek, quick, or powerful; until something or somebody causes him to gun his e
ngine, he projects the seemly aura of the family sedan."
(Richard Schickel, Time magazine review of Patriot Games)
4."If I had not agreed to review this book, I would have stopped after five pages. After 600, I felt as if I were inside a bass drum banged on by a clown."
(Richard Brookhiser, "Land Grab." The New York Times, Aug. 12, 2007)
5."One good analogy is worth three hours discussion."
(Dudley Field Malone)
6."MTV is to music as KFC is to chicken."
(Lewis Black)
7."Memory is to love what the saucer is to the cup."
(Elizabeth Bowen, The House in Paris, 1949)
Pronunciation: ah-NALL-ah-gee
4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
1、She may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.（From“Watching Ants”）
一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。
这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。
2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for ajob again.
我唯一担心的是，到了一月份我又得去工作。
英语里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，赋以生命，使人们读起来亲切生动。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
1、My blood froze.
我的血液都凝固了。
2、When I told our father about this，his heart burst.
当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。
3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’svoice on the phone.
从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. Contrast with hyperbole. It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of
emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
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