一般，各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用head，但严格说来，需使用特定的、规范的称谓：
大学校长 president  中小学校长 principal/headmaster  局长 director  省长 governor
总...
  总书记 general secretary  总工程师 chief engineer  总编辑 editor-in-chief/managing editor
  总经理 general manager/managing director/executive head  总教练 head coach
  总干事 secretary-general/commissoner  总指挥commander-in-chief/generalissimo
  总领事 consul-general  总监chief inspector/inspector-general 总厨 head cook/chef
兼职： 在主职与兼职中间加上 and concurrently
  上海市委书记兼市长 Party secretary and concurrently Mayor of Shanghai
副职（vice associate assistant deputy)
  副主席 vice chairman/president f副总理 vice premier 副省长 vice governor
行政副职雨学术副职用不同的词表达，常用 associate
  副教授 associate professor 副主编 associate managing editor
  副主任医师 associate senior doctor
  副总经理 assistant/deputy general manager, assistant/deputy managing director
  大堂副理 assistant manager
  deputy director/secretary/mayor/dean
学术衔还有 高、中、低级职称
  助理教授 assistant professor  助理研究员 assistant research fellow
  助理工程师 assistant engineer
  高级工程师 senior engineer
首席...chief
  首席执行官 chief executive officer 首席法官 chief judge 首席代表 chief representative
....长
  护士长 head nurse 审判长 chief/presiding judge、chief of judges 秘书长 secretary-general
  参谋长 chief of staff
代理...acting  常委...managing  执行...executive  名誉...honorary/emeritus
  代理市长 acting mayor 常务副校长 managing vice president
  名誉校长 emeritus/honorary president/principal
 
主任编辑 associate senior editor 主任秘书chief secretary 主任医师 senior doctor
主治医师 attending/chief doctor physician consultant
特级教师 special-grade senior teacher
特派记者 accredited correspondent
特约编辑 contributing editor
特约记者 special correspondent
办公室主任 office manager
博士生导师 doctoral student supervisor
客座教授 visiting professor
院士 academician
业务经理 service/business/operation manager
注册会计师 chartered/certified public accountant
学习标兵 student pacemaker
劳动模范 model worker
优秀员工 outstanding employee employee of the month/year
正职头衔翻译
1. 用chief表示的衔职
  总司令commander-in-chief 总编辑editor-in-chief 总参谋长 chief of general satff
  总工程师chief engineer 总会计师chief account 总建筑师chief architech
  总裁判长 chief referee 图书馆馆长 chief librarian
  首席法官 chief judge 检察长 chief procurator
  首席记者 chief correspondent  首席谈判代表 chief negotiator
  司厅/局/处/科长 chief/head of the department/bureau/division/section
  县/区/乡/镇长 county/district/township/town head /chief
2. 用general表示的职衔
  总书记 general secretary 检查长 procurator-general
  审计长 auditor general 秘书长 secretary-general
  总领事 consul-general 总经理 general manager
3. 用head表示的职衔
  总教练 head coach 护士长head nurse 主厨 head chef
  村长 village head 列车长 head of a train crew
4. 用president表示的职衔
  、大学校长 president
  中国科学院院长 president of the Chinese Academy of Science
  院长 president of the Supreme People's Court
  中国人民银行行长 president/governor of the Chinese People's Bank
  协会、学会、理事会会长 president of association/society/council
5. 用chairman表示的职衔
  人大常委会委员长 NPC chairman
  政治协商会议主席 CPPCC chairman
  中央军委主席 chairman of Central Military Commission
  政党主席 chairman of a political party
  公司董事长 chairman of the Board of Directors
  大学系主任 chairman/dean/head of a department
6. 用 director表示的职衔
  总政治部主任 Director of the General political Department
editorinchief变复数  办公厅主任 Director of the General Office
  亚洲司司长 Director of the Department of Asian Affairs
  人民日报社社长 Director of the People's Daily
  研究所所长  Director of a research institution
  博物馆馆长  Director of a museum
7. 用commissioner表示的职衔
  自治州州长 Commissioner  公安局局长 Police Commissioner
8. 其他
  总理 premier；prime minister
  国务委员 state councilor
  顾问 advisor