New words and expression 生词和短语
pioneer n.先驱 vi.vt.开拓, 为…开路, 作先驱者
young pioneer 少先队员
the pioneer of the Women’s Liberation Movement 妇女解放运动的先驱
a pioneer of operation 手术的开创者
-eer:
volunteer 志愿者; engineer工程师;
mountaineer登山者; auctioneer 拍卖人；竞争者
profiteer暴利获得者，奸商;
lord n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
lordship n.贵族权力, 贵族身份
lordly adj.adv.高傲的, 贵族般地, 有气派地
my lord 阁下（对某些贵族、法官及主教的尊称）the Lord 上帝
the House of Lords 上议院；the House of Commons下议院
live like a lord过着贵族般的生活;
lord of creation万物之灵；人类;
treat sb. like a lord 阔绰地款待某人
Duke n.公爵(Duchess) Marquis n.(英国等的)侯爵(Marchioness) Count 伯爵（Countess)(Earl n.<英>伯爵) Viscount n.(英国的)子爵 Baron n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位) , 大财主（女性为： Baroness）
Calais n.加来（法国港市）
overland adj.陆上的;横跨陆地的；
an overland route 陆上路线
to travel overland （作）陆上旅行
overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上
an overnight trip一整夜的旅行
an overnight guest 过夜的客人
overpopulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的
overseas adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的
oversea student 海外留学生 oversea Chinese 华侨
over+动词（over表示超过）
overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多
oversleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡过头, 睡得太久
overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度
overcharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电
overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高
pilot n.飞行员, , 引水员
engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头
Calais 加来（法国北部港市）
latest adj.最后的, 最迟的, 最新的, 最近的 n.最新消息, 最新式样
last vi.持续, 支持, 维持
Dover n.多佛（英国东南部的港口）
Text 课文
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of £1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.
(1) offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.
offer a prize of … for sth 因为…提供奖励
Eg. The police offered a reward for any information.
offer one’s hand to sb. (=shake hands with sb.)
offer identity card 出示身份证
offer a price ($ 300 )for sth. (the horse) 出价
award a prize 提供奖励
The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work .
学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽.
(2) fly across 飞越 sail across 横渡 swim across 游过
come across 通过 遇上 碰到
eg. I came across a group of children playing.
我碰到一正在玩耍的小孩。
We’d like to identify(认同） and celebrate women's success whenever we come across it.
每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示认同并予以颂扬。
When sober( adj. 头脑清醒的，没喝醉的)he can come across(给人…印象) as an extremely pleasant and charming
没喝醉的时候，他看上去似乎是个极为彬彬有礼、讨人喜欢的小伙子。
Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.
(1) “before”作为连词的用法：其基本含义是“在…之前”，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就…”、“就”等等含义。
1）与情态动词can / could 连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语习惯译成“还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句的动作已经发生。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
Before she cold move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力多，译成“才”；
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.
We waited a long time before the train arrived.
3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力少，译成“不到…就”；
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
4) 主句含有hardly、scarcely等半否定词时，可以译成“刚…就”，这时主句过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用when 替代before;
We had hardly / scarcely reached the school before / when the bell rang.
5) 有时before还有“宁愿”的意思；
I’d shoot myself before I apologized to him.
6) 用于 It be / take some time before + 句子，这时要根据主句的时态分两种情况：
(1)若主句为一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。主句是肯定句译成“要过很多时间才…”；主句是否定句译成“用不了多久就…”。
It will be many years before the situation improves;
float upIt won’t be long before we meet again.
(2) 若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。主句是肯定句译成“很长时间之后才…”；主句是否定句译成“没过多久就…”。
It was some time before I realized the truth.
It wasn’t long before she became a brave soldier.
After that it still took seven years before they got married.
注：主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until可以互换。
It was an hour before / until the police arrived.
7）和其他相似句型的区别：
(1)it + be + 时间段 + since 从句
It is two years since we arrived here.
(2) it + be + 时间段 + when 从句：表示“某个动作发生时，是某个时间”（主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时，也可以是一般将来时）
It was Dec. 18th when I was born.
8) before long 和 long before的区别：
before long: “不久，很快” （before为prep, long为n.) 在句中常作状语，多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。
The work will be finished before long.
long before: “ 很久以前”（long 为 adv. )可以单独使用，这时before 为prep.;也可以接从句，这时为conj.,常与过去时或过去完成时连用，后接从句时也可用于一般现在时。
She said that she had heard of it long before.
It will be long before he arrives. “还要很久他才能到。”
(2) attempt 的用法：
attempt vt. 企图，试图；努力，尝试；
attempt sth.
I did attempt the last question in the exam.
He has attempted a difficult task.
attempt to do sth.
发表评论