传译/转移transferral/transfer
误解misunderstanding 
误译mis-translation
异化foreignization/alienation/exoticization/ exogenization/source-oriented translation
归化domestication/naturalization/adaptation/endogenization/target-accommodating translation
词汇空缺lexical gap
文化沟(空缺/非对应)cultural gap
直译literal translation/direct translation
意译free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation
直译派a literalist/a sourcerer
意译派a free-hander/a targeteer
重复法repetition 
增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition
减译法/减词法/省略法/省译omission 
词类转移法/词性转换conversion
反译法/正反译法/反正译法negation
移植法transplant(ing)/transplantation
音译法transliteration
具体化specification
概括化generalization
抽象化abstracting
明析化explicitation
译借(语义转借)calque(loan translation)
加注法annotation
夹注intratextual note
脚注footnote
尾注/文后注endnote
注释性翻译annotated/commented translation
释义法/解释法explanation/paraphrase
引申法extension
替代法substitution/replacement
借用borrowing
推演法deduction 
缀合法combination
分译法division 
逆序法/倒置法reversing 
合译法combination
综合法mixture of methods 
包孕embedding 
切断/分切cutting
拆离splitting-off 
插入inserting 
重组recasting
回译back translation
复原法 finding out the original
原汁原味essence of the original, original flavor
词序调整inversion
选词diction
补偿compensation
视点转换shift of perspective
套译/仿译/仿拟imitation
信/忠实faithfulness/fidelity
达/易懂intelligibility/expressiveness
通顺smoothness
流畅fluency
自然naturalness /idiomaticity
雅/优美elegance/gracefulness
简洁brevity
明析clarity
简明conciseness
内涵connotation
含义implication
言外之意allocution
本文意义(文本固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text)
译者隐形translator’s invisibility
透明(度)transparency
宁信而不顺(鲁迅语) rahter to be faithful than smooth (“I’d rather be faithful than smooth〞)
神似(傅雷语) spiritual resemblance
化境(sublimation
信、达、切(刘重德语)faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (to the original style)
三美: 音美,形美,意美(许渊冲语)the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in meaning
东方语言Oriental languages
西方语言Occidental languages 
佛经Buddhist Scriptures/sutra
梵语Sanskrit 
transform和convert的区别
鸠摩罗什Kumarajiva 
泰特勒(Alexander Fraser )Tytler
奈达(Eugene A.) Nida 
机器翻译machine translation(MT)
人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)
翻译translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn
翻译学translatology/Translation Studies 
翻译体/翻译腔translationese
死译/硬译mechanical translation
逐字译word-for-word translation/word-to-word substitution/verbatim translation
乱译/胡译excessively free translation
歪译(意义扭曲)distortion
惯用法usage 
搭配collocation
约定俗成convention
形合hypotaxis 
意合parataxis