专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷20 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有:    5. TRANSLATION
PART V    TRANSLATION  (60 MIN)
SECTION A    CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.
1.    岁月悠悠,沧桑巨变。历史是最生动的教材。法西斯发动的侵略战争给人类带来了浩劫,也教育了世界人民。世界人民赢得了战争的胜利,赢得了和平与进步。半个世纪过去了,痛苦的回忆,胜利的喜悦,深深的思考,使人们更加清醒。历史证明,和平来之不易。世界大战的悲剧绝不能重演。历史表明,人民终究是自己命运的主人,是社会前进的推动者。
正确答案:    The world changes dramatically as time draws on. History is indeed the most vivid textbook. The war of aggression launched by fascists has brought scourges to mankind and enlightened people throughout the world. People have not only won the war but also achieved peace and progress. Half a century later, the painful memories, joys of victory, and
soul-searching reflections have made people more sober-minded. History has proven that peace does not come about easily. The tragedy of world war shall never be allowed to repeat itself. History has demonstrated that people are, in the end, masters of their destiny and powerful forces promoting social progress.
解析:1、叙述历史通常使用一般过去时,本段使用一般完成时突出表示历史事件产生的影响与后果。2、第3句的“侵略战争”可译为war of aggression。“浩劫”可译为scourge,若不知也可用近义词calamity,disaster或catastrophe代替。“教育”因其含有“教导、启迪”的意思,故可译为enlighten,比较贴切。3、第4句的“赢得了战争的胜利”可译为won the war,若译为won the victory of thewar则略显机械累赘;“赢得了和平与进步”中的“赢得”其实是“取得”之意,故可译为achieve。两个“赢得”译为不同的英文词语,既准确理解和表达了原文的意思,也使译文符合英文搭配习惯,同时避免用词重复。4、“历史证明”和“历史表明”可分别译为history has proven和history has demonstrated;既把握意思上的差别,也保留形式上的对应。5、第8句可用助动词shall以突出“人民意愿”之含义。 知识模块:汉译英
2.    那是动乱的第二年吧,我被划进了“黑帮”队伍里。我在那长长的“黑帮”队伍里倒不害怕,
最怕的就是游斗汽车开到自己家门口,这一招太损了。嗨,越害怕还越有鬼,有一次汽车就真的开到了家门口。那八旬的老母亲看见了汽车上的我,嘴抖了几抖,闭了眼睛,扶着墙,身子像泥一样瘫了下去。妻子竟忘了去扶持母亲,站在那儿,眼睛都直了,跟个傻子一般。
正确答案:    In the second of those tumultuous years, I was labeled as a member of the so-called reactionary gang. What I feared most was not being forced to queue up among this gang of so many, but the horrible fate of being publicly denounced on a truck in front of my own house. This would be a terribly vicious trick! Well, fear or no fear, the lot fell on me soon enough. When the truck drove to the gate of my house, my mother, already over eighty, spotted me on the truck. With lips trembling and eyes shut, she first leaned against the wall, then collapsed, weak and limp, like soft mud on the ground. Meanwhile, my wife just stood there dumbfounded like a blockhead, forgetting even to help my mother up.
解析:1、本段体裁为叙事文,以一般过去时翻译妥当。2、第1句的“动乱”本意为“动乱年代”,即十年,故可意译为tumultuous years;“划进”英语可表达为be labeled;“黑帮”此处指中的所谓的反动派,可译为reactionary gang。汉语常用引号来表示“所谓的”之意,
故英文增补so—called一词。3、第2句“这一招太损了”也是中文表达习惯,可采用意译法。“这一招”可以译为practice或trick,“损”在汉语里意为“邪恶”、“缺德”等,译为vicious或wicked均很贴切。若翻译为bad或evil也可保底。全句译为This would be a terribly vicious practice(trick),用would be而不用was,是为了体现作者当时害怕这类事情的发生。4、第3句的“嗨,越害怕还越有鬼”是个承上启下的句子,翻译时不应拘泥于词句形式上的对应,这里意译为Well,fear or no fear,the lot fell on me soon enough.其中lot是英语中的幽默表达,意思是“命运,运气”。5、第5句翻译时加上过渡性词语meanwhile衔接更紧密。“眼睛都直了,跟个傻子一般”可译为dumbfounded like a blockhead,符合英文的习惯表达方式;“忘了去扶持母亲”是结果,可译为分词短语作状语。 知识模块:汉译英
3.    早年的艰辛生活磨炼了范仲淹坚忍不拔的毅力和不计利害得失、心怀天下的胸襟。他一生仕途坎坷,几度遭贬。他的朋友藤子京被贬岳州(今湖南岳阳),重修岳阳楼,写信请他为岳阳楼写篇记.尽管那时范仲淹在政治上遭到很大的打击,被贬在邓州,身体欠佳,但他还是答应了藤子京的要求,在邓州的花洲书院挥毫撰写了著名的《岳阳楼记》。
正确答案:    The hardships he (Fan Zhongyan) had experienced in childhood had toughen
ed his willpower and endowed him with such broadmindedness that he began to concern himself about the affairs and future of the state, regardless of personal gains or losses. When his friend Teng Zijing, relegated to Yuezhou (where Yueyang in Hunan Province stands today), decided to renovate the Yueyang Tower and wrote to ask him to write a memorial note of the renovated tower, Fan Zhongyan, though in poor health, agreed and gladly composed the famous Note of the Yueyang Tower at Huazhou Acadamy in Dengzhou where he himself had been relegated following a series of setbacks in his political career.
解析:1、本段叙述历史人物的生平事迹,故应采用一般过去时为总体时态。2、第1句的“坚忍不拔的毅力”通常可译为indomitable或strong willpower,本句中前面有“磨炼”,连在一起可译为toughened his willpower,也可译为had formed his in—domitable/strong willpower。3、“利害得失”是汉语四字词组,“利害”和“得失”意思相仿,译为英语时只需翻译其一,即译为personal gains or losses,简洁明了,贴切原文的意思。4、“心怀天下”也是典型的四字词语,意思是“关心国家大事”,此处意译为concern one—self about the affairs and future of the state,使读者一目了然。5、第2句和第3句的意思联系紧密,可以把前者作为后者的原
reactionary翻译因,译文中使用following连接,这样处理较为妥当。following在这里是个介词,意为“由于,因为”。6、“挥毫”完全是汉语的表达形式与意象,描述书写时的潇洒与洒脱形象,也可指书写时的兴奋心态,其中“毫”指的是毛笔,英语中没有对应。若直译成wield one’s brush反而不妥,故将其省略而不译,可以保底。译作gladly composed可作为一种拔高译法生动形象地表现出范仲淹的大家气派。 知识模块:汉译英
4.    历史证明,在科学发展的进程中,一些杰出人物个人的作用不可忽视。杰出的科学家,既为人类物质文明做出贡献,也以自己高尚的道德情操,为人类的精神文明留下宝贵的财富。爱因斯坦在评价居里夫人时说过,一流人物的道德品质对于时代和历史进程的意义,也许超过其才智成就。中国科学院院士是国家设立的科学技术方面的最高学术称号,具有崇高的荣誉和学术上的权威性。
正确答案:    History bears proof that the prominent role outstanding figures play in the advancement of science should not be ignored. Distinguished scientists not only make contributions to the accumulation of material wealth with their scientific achievements, but also leave behind them rich cultural heritages with their exemplary integrity. In his appreciat
ion of Madam Marie Curie, Albert Einstein once remarked that the moral qualities of outstanding people are perhaps of greater significance to their times and to the advancement of human civilization than their intellectual accomplishments. The Academician of Chinese Academy of Science (Academia Sinica) is the nations highest academic title granted by the Government in science and technology, a title of great honor and academic authority.
解析:1、本篇章以一般性议论为主,故总体时态为一般现在时。2、“历史证明”还可以译作History has demonstrated that…或History has proved that…。3、“高尚的道德情操”可以直译为noble moral sentiment,本段译文则译作exemplary in—tegrity,更强调杰出人物作为一个人(整体)的作用和品质。4、第3句引述他人话语,但原文并未用引号,因而无法确认爱因斯坦所使用的原始词汇,因此从“信”的基本要求出发,译文应保留原文的间接引语句式。5、根据爱因斯坦所说的话可以知道,他对居里夫人的评价是积极的高度赞扬.因此“评价”一词不宜简单译成estimate或是evaluation,而应译为appreciation或是com—mendation。6、“中国科学院院士”的权威英译是Academician of Chinese Academy of Science,在考试的环境下,若译为member of Chinese(China’s Science Institute)也可保底。在本段中,“中国科学
院院士”是作为头衔名誉称号出现的,译文中最好用引号加以标记。 知识模块:汉译英
5.    得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道。一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿感打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大干世界一片繁华,自己的哥、堂表弟兄也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋。一霎时,一阵被人摒弃、为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来。
正确答案:    Before I was taken ill, I had been spoiled by my parents and had formed the habit of getting everything done in my own way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the family garden, I suddenly felt myself cast into disfavor and my wings clipped. One spring evening, when myriads of flowers were in full bloom in the garden, my parents gave a banquet in the garden attended by many guests, whose arrival at once filled the garden with laughter. In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain and caught a glimpse of the exciting and prosperous world outside with my elder brothers, sisters and cousins among the guests, all in high jubilation. All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage at being deserted, I could not help bursting into sad tears.

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