（181-200，化学基础=Fundamentals of Chemistry：第四版/（美）伯恩斯（Burns.R.A.)-影印版. 高等教育出版社，2004.4）
181、An acid is a substance that produces hydronium irons,H3O+,when dissolved in water.  （page472） 
    解析：That引导定语从句，when引导时间状语从句。Dissolve in 在......溶解
    参考译文：酸是一种当溶于水时，产生水合氢离子的物质。
182、Ammonia is classified as a weak base because in an ammonia solution only about 1% of the ammonia becomes ionized.(page 476)
解析：is classified as 被归类为    ionized  v离子化
      Because引导一个原因状语从句
    参考译文：氨被列为一个弱碱，因为在一个氨水溶液中，只有约1%的氨变离子化
183、In recent years,the atmosphere has been made increasingly acidic,especially by the burning of sulfur-containing coal,which produces sulfur dioxide gas,SO2.(page 478)
    解析：which 引导非限制性定语从句
    参考译文：近年来，大气已经越来越呈酸性，特别是含硫煤的燃烧，产生了二氧化硫气体。
184、The oxidation number(also called the oxidation state) is a number that is assigned to each kind of atom in a compound or ion,or to an element,using an arbitrary but consistent set of rules.(page 509)
    解析：is assigned to被分派 that引导一个修饰number的定语从句，using an arbitrary but consistent set of rules.是一个非限制性定语从句
    参考译文：氧化数（也称为氧化态）是被分配给每个种类的原子，在一个化合物或离子，或一个元素的一个数，它使用一个任意的但一致的一套规则。
185、Carbon dioxide gas and water are produced when acids react with carbonates and bicarbonates.
Acid + Carbonate →  Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
解析：react with 与......反应
  参考译文：酸与碳酸盐反应产生二氧化碳和水和碳酸氢盐
186、Applications of nuclear chemistry to biology,industry,and agriculture have improved human condition significantly.(page 540)
参考译文：核化学在生物、工业和农业中的应用已显著改善人类状况。
187、The period of time required for one-half of a specific sample of radioactive atoms of a given isotope to decay is its half-life.(page 544)
    解析：这句翻译起来颇有困难，在于使用了多个of，首先分清主谓宾。The period of time required for one-half to decay是句子主语，of a specific sample of radioactive atoms of a gi
ven isotope是定语，表明属性，几个of连用，越往后翻译越放于前面
  参考译文：一个给定同位素的放射性原子的特定样本衰变周期的一半所需的时间是它的半衰期。 react with
188、In nuclear fission,the nucleus of a heavy atom absorb a neutron and then splits apart to give lighter atoms plus two or more neutrons along with great quantities of energy.(page 561)
  解析：splits apart分裂
  参考译文：在核分裂中，一个重原子核吸收一个中子，然后分裂成较轻的原子，再加上2个或更多的中子，以及大量的能量。
189、By contrast,inorganic chemistry refers to the chemistry of all other elements and approximately 600,000 inorganic compounds.(page 577)
参考译文：与之相比，无机化学是指所有其他元素的化学成分和大约600000个无机化合物。
190、In 1869,at the age of 35 ,Mendeleev published a periodic table of the elements that resembles our modern periodic table.(page 185)
参考译文：在1869，35岁的门捷列夫出版了一个类似于我们现代的元素周期表。
191、The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called ionization energy.(page 192）
参考译文：从一个气态原子的基态激发一个电子所需的能量的量被称为电离能。
192、Trends in melting points and boiling points can be used as a convenient measure of the attractive forces between atoms or molecules.(page 193)
参考译文：熔点和沸点的趋势可以作为原子或分子之间的吸引力的一个方便的测量。
193、He pointed out that both the physical and chemical properties of the elements vary periodically with increasing atomic mass.(page 185)
参考译文：他指出元素的物理和化学性质随原子质量的增加而周期性变化
194、In general,metal on the left side of the periodic table react with nonmetallic element on the right side of the periodic table（excluding the noble gases) to form stable,crystalline solids.(page 217)
参考译文：在一般情况下，金属在周期表的左侧与非金属元素在周期表（不包括惰性气体）的右侧与非金属元素反应形成稳定的、结晶的固体。
195、Numerous types of antacids*--many of which are aggressively advertised--are available to treat this condition.(page482)
  参考译文：有许多类型的抗酸剂可以处理这种情形——其中许多是大肆宣传
196、It may be not obvious that HCl is a stronger acid than the hydronium ion,but keep in mind that a strong acid is one that succeed in giving away its proton.（page 483)
参考译文：HCl比水合氢离子酸性强可能不太明显，但是记住，强酸易失质子。
197、Water is said to be amphiprotic;it can lose or gain a proton to act either as an acid or as a base.(page 484)
参考译文：水说是两性的；它可以作为酸或碱得失质子。
198、Spontaneous combustion occurs when a substance begins to burn on its own,without being ignited by a spark or flame.(page 510)
参考译文：当一个物质自己开始燃烧而不需火花或火焰去点燃时，自燃便发生了
199、The polyatomic ions are those that involve a cluster of two or more atoms having a overall charge.(page 158)
参考译文：多原子离子是指拥有多余电荷的包含两个或者多个原子的集。
200、Sulfuric acid, H2SO4,is classified as a diprotic acid--it has two hydrogens that can be replaced by other cations.(page 173）
参考译文：硫酸，H2SO4，有两个H可以被其他阳离取代而被分类为多元酸。