2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语二试题
Section Ⅰ  Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
①People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. ②Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again    1    that technology is replacing human workers. ③Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by    2  : ④A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.
①A different and not mutually exclusive    3    holds that the future will be a wasteland of
( )
a different sort, one    4    by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives    5  , people will simply become lazy and depressed. ②    6  , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. ③One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for    7    Americans. ④Also, some research suggests that the    8    for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9    poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. ⑤Perhaps this is why many    10    the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.
①But it doesn’t    11    follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. ②Such visions are based on the    12    of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. ③In the    13    of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could    14    strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. ④Today, the    15    of work may be a bit overblown. ⑤“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.
①These days, because leisure time is relatively    16    for most workers, people use their
free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional    17    of their jobs. ②“When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel    18  ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself    19    a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for    20    matters.
1. [A] boasting    [B] denying  [C] warning          [D] ensuring
2. [A] inequality    [B] instability        [C] unreliability    [D] uncertainty
3. [A] policy          [B]guideline          [C] resolution      [D] prediction
4. [A] characterized [B]divided            [C] balanced            [D]measured
5. [A] wisdom        [B] meaning          [C] glory              [D] freedom
6. [A] Instead        [B] Indeed        [C] Thus          [D] Nevertheless
7. [A] rich              [B] urban                [C]working          [D] educated
8. [A] explanation  [B] requirement      [C] compensation      [D] substitute
9. [A] under            [B] beyond [C] alongside          [D] among
10. [A] leave behind [B] make up          [C] worry about          [D] set aside
11. [A] statistically  [B] occasionally  [C] necessarily      [D] economically
12. [A] chances    [B] downsides [C] benefits    [D] principles
13. [A] absence    [B] height      [C] face            [D] course
14. [A] disturb        [B] restore              [C] exclude            [D] yield
15. [A] model          [B] practice      [C] virtue          [D] hardship
16. [A] tricky        [B] lengthy    [C] mysterious        [D] scarce
17. [A] demands      [B] standards    [C] qualities          [D] threats
18. [A] ignored        [B] tired  [C] confused          [D] starved
19. [A] off          [B] against    [C] behind          [D] into
20. [A] technological [B] professional  [C] educational      [D] interpersonal
Section Ⅱ  Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
①Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. ②The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. ③Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. ④Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
①Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. ②Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.
③Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. ④The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. ⑤It has not happened. ⑥The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. ⑦Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. ⑧The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. ⑨Obesity has risen among adults and children. ⑩Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire
a generation.”⑪The success of Parkrun offers answers.
①Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. ②The ethos welcomes anybody. ③There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. ④The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. ⑤The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
①Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. ②If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. ③But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. ④Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. ⑤Or at least not make them worse.
21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has__________.
[A] created many jobs
[B] gained great popularity
[C] become an official festival
[D] strengthened community ties
22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to_________.
[A] boost population growth
[B] improve the city’s image
[C] increase sport hours in schools
[D] promote sport participation
23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_______.
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should_______.
[A] increase funds for sports clubs
[B] invest in public sports facilities
[C] organize “grassroots” sports events
[D] supervise local sports associations
25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_______.
[A] critical
[B] tolerant
[C] uncertain
[D] sympathetic
Text 2
①With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own scree
n use. ②“Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. ③It makes
it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
①Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother–child pairs a food-testing exercise. ②She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. ③During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. ④Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
①Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. ②Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. ③In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. ④“Parents don’t have t
o be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
①On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”②Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. ③Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. ④This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to_______.
[A] absorb user attention
[B] increase work efficiency
[C] simplify routine matters
[D] better interpersonal relations