高中语法专项  非谓语动词
一、概念：在句中不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。他们没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语,也有时态和语态的变化。
二、分类：     
非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式（to do），V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和V-ed过去分词。
I.不定式（The Infinitive）
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。
一、不定式的构成 （以动词do为例）
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to do
完成式
进行式
无
完成进行式
无
动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。
Try _________________________________. 尽量下次不要再迟到。
He ________________________      _. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。例如：
1.　不定式作主语
不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
e.g.:  To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To lose heart means failure.
完成句子：To see is ________________. 眼见为实。
To wait is better than _____________. 等待比离开好。
注: 1) 不定式作主语时,谓语用________数
2) 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1) It is/was +adj.+ of sb. to do…
It’s good/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise//silly/stupid/foolish/ honest
(2) It is/was +adj.+ for sb.+ to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important
(3) It is +a +名词+(for)
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a
shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
(4) It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
  It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
完成句子：
It’s kind__________________________。你帮我是好的
It’s silly ______________________________________________.学生考试作弊是愚蠢的
It’s good manners__________________. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。
It is very hard___________________________________________.
十分钟完成这件工作是难的。
2.　不定式作宾语
常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, want, wish等。
I hope to be back next Monday。
如果作宾语用的带to不定式有补语，那么就要用it 作形式宾语，把真实宾语——不定式后置。
例如：Do you consider it wise to do that?
(3) You’d better make it a rule ___________.
  A. to read a lot    B. read a lot    C. reading a lot      D. to be read a lot
(4)We agreed  here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.
　    A. having met  　B. meeting　    C. to meet  　D .to have met
(5) I don’t know whether you happen       , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . (2004高考辽宁卷)
    A．to be heard    B．to be hearing    C．to hear    D．to have heard
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decide what to do ..,wonder how to deal with sth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
示例:
1). I've worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job.
  A．expected        B．to expect　    C．to be expecting    D．expects
2). It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows________.
      A. it what to do with                    B. what to do it with
      C. what to do with it                      D. to do what with it
    3). The mother didn’t' t know ___to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
editor的名词和动词形式      A. who              B. when            C. how              D. what
3. 表语：
不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。
（6）The important thing is _________ lives. (save)
（7）The only thing I could do was __________. (leave)
（8）The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,＿＿＿＿＿it more difficult.
  A. not make  　 B. not to make 　  C. not making   　D. do not make
    Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.
      A. to see          B. to be seen      C. seeing            D. seen
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事，或必将发生的，或表示命令等口吻)
翻译:    这项计划得提前三天完成.
4. 不定式作宾语补足语。
1 动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
Paul doesn't have to be made  .He always works hard.
A. learn  　B. to learn  　C. learned  　D. learning
②常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：
主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb. to do. sth.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him  .
　    A. not to  　B. not to do　  C. not do it  D. do not to
The patient was warned  oily food after the operation.
      A. to eat not    B. eating not    C. not to eat    D. not eating
    My advisor encouraged ___ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
    A. for me taking    B. me taking        C. for me to take    D. me to take
③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider + sb. + to be/to be doing/ to have done