倒 装
一． 主谓倒装
（一）全部倒装
1. there/ here, now/ then, thus 等位于句首时，谓语动词多为go, come, stand, lie, remain等。
注意：主语为人称代词时，不构成倒装。
There stands a temple at the top of the hill.
Now comes your turn.
Then came a new difficulty.
◆ Here he comes.
2. 表动态的行为副词up/ down, in/ out, away, off等位于句首时。
注意：主语为人称代词时，不构成倒装。
Away went Tom.
Out rushed the children。
◆ Up she comes.
3. 介词短语做地点状语放于句首时。
In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.
At the top of the hill stands a temple.
4. 表语放于句首时，做表语的往往是形容词，分词或介词短语。
Such is his life.
Present at the meeting are some famous scientists.
Seated in the front are the leaders of the school.
Before the village is a river.
（二）部分倒装
1. 否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little, neither, nor, nowhere等以及not only, not until, in no case等短语放于句首时。
Never have I seen the film.
On no condition should you forget you are a Chinese.
Not until he saw the present did he feel happy.
Not only are the students planting trees, but also the teachers are.
Neither have I seen him recently, nor have I heard from him.
Hardly had I reched the station when I found the train left.
注意:
1> not until…放于句首时，属于“主倒从不倒”。
2> not only… but also…只有连接两个并列句时且放于句首时才构成倒装，属于“前倒
后不倒”。
3> neither… nor… 连接两个并列句时，属于“前倒后也倒”。
4> hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when/ before…, no sooner…than…放于句首时，属于“主
倒从不倒”原则，并且主句必须用had+done.
2. only修饰副词，介词短语和状语从句放在句首时。
注意： only修饰状语从句放在句首构成倒装时，属于“主倒从不倒”；only修饰主语时，主谓语序不变，不构成倒装。
Only then did he realize he was wrong.
Only in this way can he settle the problem.
Only when he came did his mother go to bed.
Only he knows the answer.
3. so…that…, such… that…句型中，so + adj./ adv.或such + n. 放于句首时。
注意：主倒从不倒
So fast did he run that he almost knocked into a strange person.
Such a clever boy is he that everyone likes him.
4. “ so/ neither/ nor + 助动词/ 情态动词/ 系动词 + 主语”表示“…… 也一样”。
He works hard at studies, and so does Mary.
If you go there, so shall I .
I have never been abroad. Neither has he.
【特别提醒】 so + 助动词/ be + 主语 “…… 也……”
so + 主语 + 助动词/ be “……的确如此”
主语 + did + so “……这样做了”
------ It was very cold yesterday. ------ So it was. 昨天的确很冷。
The teacher asked me to read louder, and I did so.
【注意】 当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合与另一人或物时，通常用So it is with sb.
或 It is the same with sb.
------ Tom is a clever boy and works very hard at his lessons.
------ So it is with you. / It is the same with you.
5. if 引导的虚拟条件句中，可以将were, should, had提到句首，同时把if省略。
Were I you, I would go there. = If I were you, I would go there.
Had I gone there yesterday, I wouldn’t have seen him.
= If I had gone there yesterday, I wouldn’t have seen him.
Should it snow tomorrow, what shoud we do?
= If it should snow tomorrow, what shoud we do?
6. 一些表示程度、方式、时间等的状语位于句首时, 也可用倒装.
Often had she had intended to speak of this.
Many a time has John given me good advice.
7. 一些表示祝愿的句子.
May you succeed！
May our friendship last forever !
二．形式倒装
1. as/ though 引导让步状语从句时，往往把句中的表语，状语或部分谓语动词提到从句句首。
注意：当把句中的表语，状语提到从句句首时，往往把前面的限定词省略。
Boy as / though he is, he knows a lot.
Youngest as / though he is, he helps his mother do much housework.
Much as / though he likes the watch, he can not buy it.
Try as / though he might, he failed.
2. the more…, the more…句型
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
3. what、how 引导的感叹句
what + adj. + n. +主 + 谓
how + adj. / adv. + 主 + 谓
What an interesting talk they have!
How interesting their talk was!
4. however/ no matter how + adj./ adv. 引导让步状语从句
whatever/ no matter what + ( adj. ) + n. 引导让步状语从句
However diffcult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
【注意】whatever后面的名词如果有many或much修饰时，则需把whatever换成
however.
However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.
Practice
一. 把下列句子改写成倒装句
1. He answered me only after being asked three times.editorinchief是什么意思
2. He not only liked reading stories，but also he could even write some.
3. Some trees stand behind the house.
4. He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.
5. He was so frightened in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.
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