英语语言学概论第九章练习题答案
1.I______ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. [填空题] *
空1答案：diolect
答案解析：个人语言是个体言者的个人方言，它结合了有关地域、社会、性别和年龄的变体成分。
2.Halliday further distinguishes three social variables that determine the register: field of discourse, t______ of discourse and mode of discourse. [填空题] *
空1答案：enor
答案解析：韩礼德进一步明确了决定语域的三个社会变量：语场、语旨、语式。
3.The term d______ describes a situation in which two distinct varieties of a language, a “high” and a “low”, are used, each with separate social functions.8 [填空题] *
空1答案：iglossia
答案解析：当某一种语言的两种变体同时存在于一个社团，并且每一种语言都有不同的使用目的时，这种现象就叫做双语。通常情况下，更标准的语言变体被称作高标准语言，用于政府、新闻媒介、教育和宗教活动。另一种一般是无声望的语言，称低标准语言，用于家庭、朋友之间、购物时等。
4.A p______ is a mixed and limited language used for some practical purposes by groups of people who do not know each other’s languages. [填空题] *
空1答案：idgin
答案解析：洋泾浜语是将几种语言混合或者融合在一起的一种特殊语言变体，它是由操不同语言的人为了有限的目的，如贸易而使用的语言。
5.When a pidgin has acquired native speakers，that is to say, when it becomes the first language of a social community, it becomes a c______. [填空题] *
空1答案：reole
答案解析：当一种洋泾浜语成为了某一言语社团的主要语言，并且由该言语社团的孩子习得作为本族语时，它就成为了克里奥耳语。
6. More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by w______. [填空题] *
空1答案：omen
答案解析：语言使用的性别差异。女性的言语比男性言语更接近标准变体。
7.S______ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class. [填空题] *
空1答案：ociolect
答案解析：社会方言是指具有某一特定社会阶层特征的语言变体。
8.Speech v______ refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers. [填空题] *
空1答案：ariety
答案解析：言语变体指的是由一位言者或一言者所使用任何具有区别性的言语形式。
9.S______ is the sub field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. [填空题] *
空1答案：ociolinguistics
答案解析：社会语言学是语言学中的一个次领域，它研究语言与社会的关系，以及语言的运用与语言使用者所在的社会结构之间的关系。
10.“Linguistic relativity”was proposed by S______ and W______. [填空题] *
空1答案：apir
空2答案：horf
答案解析：萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说认为，一方面，语言可以决定我们的思维方式；另一方面，语言之间的相似性是相 对的，结构性差异越大，反映出对于世界认识的越不同。因此，这个
假说也被称作“语言决定论”和“语言相对主义”。
11.Taboo and e______ are two faces of the same communication coin. [填空题] *
空1答案：uphemism
答案解析：禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。委婉语是用一词代替比较唐突的令人不快的另一词的表达方法。他们是同一交流过程的两个方面。
12. E______, which serves as a polite substitute for taboo expressions, is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression substituted when the speaker or writer fears that more direct wording might be harsh or offensive. [填空题] *
空1答案：uphemism
答案解析：委婉语是用一词代替比较唐突的令人不快的另一词的表达方法。
13.On most occasions “rose” means more than a flower, it triggers many assoications and
mostly good ones such as love, fragrance, passion, and etc. These are its c______ meaning. [填空题] *
空1答案：onnotative
答案解析：暗涵意义：联想意义。
14.Despite the cultural differences, there exist a greater or lesser degree of cultural o______ between two societies owing to some similarities in the natural environment and psychology of human beings. [填空题] *
空1答案：verlap
答案解析：尽管存在这些文化差异，由于在自然环境和人的心理上的某些相似之处，在两个社会之间存在着程度上或大或小的文化重叠。
15.Intercultural communication, also known as c______ communication, is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbols systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. [填空题] *
空1答案：ross-cultural
答案解析：跨文化交际是指文化感知和符号系统的差异足以改变交际事件的人之间进行的交际，常指来自不同文化的人之间的交际，暗含了文化之间的一个比较。
16.（）are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations. [单选题] *
A. Slang |
B. Address terms |
C. Registers(正确答案) |
D. Education varieties |
答案解析：语域是特殊人使用的言语变体，通常指具有相同职业或具有同样爱好的人。某一语域通常具有自己一 些独特的词汇或使用词或短语的特殊方式，而使其与其他语域区分开来。
17.（） refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. [单选题] *
A. Lingua franca |
B. Creole |
C. Pidgin(正确答案) |
D. Standard language |
答案解析：洋泾浜语不是任何人的母语，是在交往联系的情况下（例如交易）学习的语言变体。
18.In sociolinguistic studies, speaker are regarded as members of social groups, the social group that is singled out for any special study is called（）. [单选题] *
A. the speech community(正确答案) |
B. the linguistic group |
C. the linguistic community |
D. the speech variety group |
答案解析：在社会语言学中，语言使用者都被看作是社会的成员。而具有相同的语言认同或至少共享一种语言变体 的人可称作语言社区。
19. In the present day, the stability of（）seems to be decreasing. [单选题] *
A. social-class dialect |
B. idiolect |
C. taboo |
D. regional dialect(正确答案) |
答案解析：地域方言的特点。随着人们日常交流的增加，地域方言的稳定性在逐步下降。
20.（）variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation. [单选题] *
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