。增补（Addition)
in addition另外， furthermor e此外, again， also, besides, moreover此外 ， similarly， finally最后
archaic 2。比较（Comparison）
in the same way, likewise同样地， similarly， equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地
3.对照(Contrast）
whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand， instead同样， however然而， nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary， while
4.因果（Cause and effect)
because, because of, for， since, due to， owing to， thanks to, as a result（of）, accordingly， hence， so， thus
5。强调(Emphasis）
certainly, above all， indeed， of course， surely， actually， as a matter of fact， chiefly， especially， primarily， in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant
6。让步(Concession）
although, though, after all， in spite of， nevertheless, still， provided， while it is true..。。
7。例证（Exemplification)
for example, for instance， that is， namely， such as， in other words， in this case， by way of illustration。
8.总结(Conclusion)
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short， in brief, all in all, in all， to put it in a nutshell， in summary
9。推断(Inference)
therefore, as a result（of）, consequently, accordingly， so, otherwise
10。时间和空间（Time and space)
afterward, after, first， later, then, soon, outside， near, beyound, above， below, on the right（left）, in the middle, opposite， in front of
11。启承转合
1)、启
A 。。. At present.。.。。。。
As the proverb says。.。. Currently。..。.
Generally speaking， ...。 Now，....
In general, 。...。 On the Whole.。。。
It is clear that..。. Recently。。。.。
It is often said that。... Without doubt, ..。.。。。
2）、承
First(of all)， .。。.。. Moreover, ...。.。.。。
Firstly, .。......。。。。 No one can deny that..。。
In the first place， 。.。。.。.。。 Obviously。..。。
To begin with, .。..。.。。。 Of course, 。.。.。...。
Also， 。.。...。 Similarly,......。..
At the 。.. Therefore, we should 。.
。.. There is no doubt that。。。。。..
In addition,..。。. What`s more， 。.。..。.。。。
In fact。.。..。.。 It can be easily proved that.。。
Meanwhile..。...
3)、转
But。。. Still, 。..。。.
But the problem is not so simple。。.
There is a certain amount of truth in this， but we still have a problem with regard to。.。。.。。
However,
。。...。。 To our surprise，。..。..。。。.
Nevertheless, 。。.。。.。. 。.。.
On the other hand， 。.。。..。
Yet difference will be found and that is why I 。
Others may find this to be true， but I do not。 I think。..。。
4)、合
Above all， In brief, ...。..。。
Accordingly， 。。。。. In conclusion， 。。.。。。..
All in all, .。。。。。.
In other words， it is hard to escape the conclusion that..。.。。.。
As a consequence, .。..。。... In short, 。。.。。。。.。
As I have shown/said/stated/。.。。 In sum, .。。.。.。.
In summary， .。。..。. As has been noted， ....
Obviously, 。。。.。。。。. By so doing， 。。.。.
On the whole, ..。。. Consequently, ..。。..。.
Presumably, .。.。.。. Eventually, 。。......。
To conclude, .。。..。 Finally， .。...。。.
To sum up， 。。。。。 In a word, 。。...。
To summarize， .....。
在英语作文中必备的替换精髓词汇（全面提高你四,六级托福，雅思作文水平）
个人日记 2008—02-24 20:17 阅读333 评论1 字号： 大大 中中 小小 最近读英语，可能大多数人或许会和我有同感,写英语作文时用来用去就那几个单词,没有深度，更没有创新.下面的大多数单词，都是同义词，但是绝对是最精华的，但是用上以后效果非同反响,你可以做的就是将其背出运用，用于你的作文中,一定令人刮目相看～~如果整理的有错误请大家帮忙纠正啊~~~括号内的是解释
1. important =crucial （extremely important）,significant（amount or effect large enough to be important）
2mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)
3.abundant=ample（enough and usually extra）, plentiful(enough for people’s needs and wants）1
4.stick=adhere， cling（hold on something tightly）1
5。neglect=ignore。（difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something； ignore means no attention.)
6。near=adjacent（twothings next to each other）， adjoin（the same as adjacent）’
7.pursue=woo（man woos woman, old—fashioned）, seek(if you seek sth， you try to obt
ain it。 FORMAL）
8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details）, exact（correct in every detail）
9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)
10。top=peak, summit
11petitor=rival， opponent(especially in sports and politics）1
12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable）
13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way）
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