本人在学习《unix高级编程》的实例练习时,发现例子程序无法编译(linux平台),其中提示“error: ourhdr.h: No such file or directory”不到头文件“ourhdr.h”。
以下是关于此问题的解决办法:
1、 关于文件ourhdr.h
其中定了常数(例如M A X L I N E)和我们自编函数的原型。
ourhdr.h中包含了大多数程序包含的一些头文件,如< s t d i o . h >< s t d l i b . h >< u n i s t d . h >< s t r i n g . h >;一些宏的定义,如:MAXLINE;一些简单的函数定义,如:min(a,b)等等。
总而言之,就是将一些常用的共通的自己熟悉的东西提取出来放在名为ourhdr.h的头文件中,这样可以缩短程序的长度,方便使用。
2、 文件ourhdr.h的源码
Unix下:
/* Our own header, to be included *after* all standard system headers */
 
#ifndef __ourhdr_h
#define __ourhdr_h
 
#include <sys/types.h> /* required for some of our prototypes */
#include <stdio.h>    /* for convenience */
#include <stdlib.h>    /* for convenience */
#include <string.h>    /* for convenience */
#include <unistd.h>    /* for convenience */
 
#define MAXLINE 4096  /* max line length */
 
#define FILE_MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)
/* default file access permissions for new files */
 
#define DIR_MODE (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)
/* default permissions for new directories */
 
typedef void Sigfunc(int);    /* for signal handlers */ /* 信号处理程序 */
/* 4.3BSD Reno <signal.h> doesn't define SIG_ERR */
 
#if defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)
#define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *) -1)
#endif
 
#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
 
/* prototypes for our own functions */
char *path_alloc(int *);    /* Program 2.2 */
int open_max(void);        /* Program 2.3 */
void clr_fl(int, int);      /* Program 3.5 */
void set_fl(int, int);      /* Program 3.5 */
void pr_exit(int);          /* Program 8.3 */
void pr_mask(const char *); /* Program 10.10 */
Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *); /* Program 10.13 */
 
int tty_cbreak(int);        /* Program 11.10 */
int tty_raw(int);          /* Program 11.10 */
int tty_reset(int);        /* Program 11.10 */
int tty_atexit(int);        /* program 11.10 */
#ifdef ECHO                    /* only if <termios.h> has been included */
struct termios *tty_termios(void); /* Program 11.10 */
#endif
 
void sleep_us(unsigned int);    /* Exercise 12.6 */
ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t); /* Program 12.13 */
ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t); /* Program 12.12 */
int daemon_init(void);          /* Programs 13.1 */
int s_pipe(int *);              /* Programs 15.2  and 15.3 */
int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func) (int, const void *, size_t));
/* Program 15.6 and 15.8 */
int send_fd(int, int);          /* Programs 15.5 and 15.7 */
int send_err(int, int, const char *); /* Programs 15.20 */
int serv_listen(const char *); /* Programs 15.19 and 15.22 */
int serv_accept(int, uid_t *);  /* Programs 15.20 and 15.24 */
int cli_conn(const char *);    /* Programs 15.21 and 15.23 */
int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,char **)); /* Program 15.17 */
 
int ptym_open(char *);          /* Programs 19.1 and 19.2 */
int ptys_open(int, char *);    /* Programs 19.1 ans 19.2 */
#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
pid_z pty_fork(int *, char *, const struct termios *, const struct winsize *);
/* Program 19.3 */
#endif
 
int lock_fork(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Programs 12.2 */
#define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg(fd, F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, offset, whence, len)
#define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg(fd, F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, offset, whence, len)
#define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg(fd, F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, offset, whence, len)
#define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg(fd, F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, offset, whence, len)
#define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_reg(fd, F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, offset, whence, len)
 
pid_t lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* Program 12.3 */
 
#define is_readlock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_test(fd, F_RDLCK, offset, whence, len)
#define is_writelock(fd, offset, whence, len) \
lock_test(fd, F_WRLCK, offset, whence, len)
 
void err_dump(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */
void err_msg(const char *, ...);
void err_quit(const char *, ...);
void err_ret(const char *, ...);
void err_sys(const char *, ...);
 
void log_msg(const char *, ...); /* Appendix B */
void log_open(const char *, int, int);
void log_quit(const char *, ...);
void log_ret(const char *, ...);
void log_sys(const char *, ...);
 
void TELL_WAIT(void);          /* parent/child form Section 8.8 */
void TELL_PARENT(pid_t);
void TELL_CHILD(pid_t);
void WAIT_PARENT(void);
void WAIT_CHILD(void);
 
#endif /* __ourhdr_h */
3、 如果只把ourhdr.h加到代码中还有可能编译不过
/tmp/ccPk567q.o: In function `main':
a.c:(.text+0x56): undefined reference to `err_sys'
a.c:(.text+0x9a): undefined reference to `err_ret'
a.c:(.text+0xd5): undefined reference to `err_sys'
所以需要进一步实现上面错误提示的函数:err_syserr_ret,。在下面的“myerr.h”中实现,源码如下:
#include <errno.h>              /* for definition of errno */
#include <stdarg.h>            /* ANSI C header file */
#include "ourhdr.h"
 
static void err_doit(int, const char *, va_list);
char *pname = NULL;            /* caller can set this from argv[0] */
 
/* Nonfatal error related to a system call.
  Print a message and return */
 
void
err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  err_doit(1, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return;
}
 
/* Fatal error related to a system call.
 Print a message and terminate. */
 
void
err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  err_doit(1, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  exit(1);
}
 
/* Fatal error related to a system call.
  Print a message and terminate. */
 
void
err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
system的头文件 
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  err_doit(1, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  abort();                      /* dump core and terminate */
  exit(1);                      /* shouldn't get here */
}
 
/* Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call.
  Print a message and return. */
 
void
err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
 
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  err_doit(0, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return;
}
 
/* Fatal error unrelated to a system call.
  Print a message and terminate. */
 
void
err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  err_doit(0, fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  exit(1);
}
 
/* Print a message and return to caller.
  Caller specifies "errnoflag". */
 
static void
err_doit(int errnoflag, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
  int errno_save;
  char buf[MAXLINE];
   
  errno_save = errno;          /* value caller might want printed */
  vsprintf(buf, fmt, ap);
  if (errnoflag)
    sprintf (buf+strlen(buf), ": %s", strerror (errno_save));
  strcat (buf, "\n");
  fflush(stdout);              /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */
  fputs(buf, stderr);
  fflush(NULL);                /* flushes all stdio output streams */
  return;
}
4、 把写好的两个头文件加到以下目录后,再编译
/usr/include