Section Ⅲ Grammar——倒装
语境自主领悟
先观察原句
1.Near the house where Picasso was born is a museum full of his art.
2.Aunt really enjoyed France and so did grandma and I.
3.It was a lot of fun because in the dormitory were lots of people from different places.
4.Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
5.May our friendship live forever！
6.Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
7.Had I been informed earlier，I could have done something.
8.So easy is it that a child can learn it.
9.Happy as they were，there was something missing.
10.There they goes.
后自主感悟
1.完全倒装是谓语动词全部移到主语前(主语是代词时例外)；部分倒装是只将
谓语动词的一部分(如be动词、助动词或情态动词)放在主语前面，其余部分仍然在主语之后。上面例句中，例句1，3是完全倒装；例句2，4，5，6，7，8，9是部分倒装。
2.因为主语they是代词，故例句10不使用倒装。
3.例句6中only修饰状语且位于句首时，句子用倒装结构。
4.例句9中as表示“虽然，尽管”时，引导的状语从句用倒装结构，这时as可用though代替。
将谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语的前面，这种句式被称为倒装。倒装又可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为完全倒装，也叫全部倒装；只将助动词、be动词或情态动词放到主语之前的称为部分倒装。
1．完全倒装
(1)here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run等动词。
Then came the news that Mark had turned up.
消息传来，马克到了。
(2)表示转移或方位的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语动词是表示动作的动词。
On the left sat her husband.
她左边坐着她的丈夫。
[名师点津]
如果主语是人称代词，即使把上述两类词置于句首，主谓也不倒装。
In he came and the lesson began.
他走进来开始上课。
(3)代词such作表语置于句首，表示“这样的人”；“这样的物”，其后要用全部倒装，谓语动词和后面的主语一致。
Such was the story he told me.
这就是他给我讲的故事。
(4)表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.妇女受歧视的日子一去不复返了。
[即时演练1] 用倒装形式完成下列句子
①你要的书在这儿。
Here is the book you want.
②铃一响孩子们就冲了出去。
Out rushed the children as soon as the bell rang.
③树下是一位老人和一孩子。
Under the tree are an old man and a group of children.
④刘老师出席了会议，他教我们英语。
Present at the meeting was Mr.Liu，who taught us English.
2．部分倒装
hibernating(1)句首为否定或半否定词语，如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，，but also，when，no
< than等时，要用部分倒装。
Little did I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.
我做梦也没想到会看到这样美妙的景。
Never shall I do this again.
我再也不会做这种事情了。
Not only can he speak English，but he can also speak Japanese fluently.
他不但会讲英语，而且还能流利地讲日语。
(2)句首为so，neither，nor时，要用部分倒装。如果第一分句是肯定句，第二分句用so＋倒装结构；如果第一分句是否定句，第二分句则用neither/nor＋倒装结构。
He is crazy about football and so is his brother.
他对足球着迷，他弟弟也是。
I don't know where he lives.Neither does she.
我不知道他住哪儿。她也不知道。
[名师点津]
①当so引出的句子是用以对上文内容的证实或肯定，表示“的确如此”时，不可用倒装结构，其构成应为：so＋上句的同一主语＋情/助/系(动词)。
②若表示一个人的两个或者两个以上的情况，也适用于另一个人，则要用句型：So it is/was with sb.
或者It is/was the same with sb.。
—He works very hard.
——他学习很努力。
—So he does and so do you.
——他的确如此，你也是。
—He was born in Shanghai and brought up in Beijing.
——他在上海出生，在北京长大。
—It was the same with my friend Li Ping.
——我朋友李平也是。
[即时演练2] 句型转换
①We can give up halfway under no circumstances.
→Under no circumstances can we give up halfway.
②He didn't realize that he had wasted too much of his time until he failed a
second time.
→Not until he failed a second time did he realize that he had wasted too much of his time.
③I will never come back to the place.
→Never will I come back to the place.
(3)句首为only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句时，要用部分倒装。
Only then did he realize the importance of his family.
只有在那时他才意识到家人的重要性。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
直到他回来，我们才了解事情的真相。
[名师点津]
“only＋名词/代词”置于句首作主语时不倒装。
[即时演练3] 完成句子
①只有这样我们才能按时完成任务。
Only in this way can we finish the task on time.
②只有在他失去这个机会时，他才意识到它的重要性。
Only when he lost the chance did he realize the importance of it.
(4)as引导让步状语从句时，要部分倒装。
as引导让步状语从句时必须将表语、状语或谓语提前，即把形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。though引导让步状语从句时有时也可以倒装。
Famous as he is，he is easygoing.
尽管他很有名气，但他很平易近人。
Much as he loves English，he doesn't do well in it.
虽然非常喜欢英语，但他却没学好。
[名师点津]
①名词作表语放在句首时，不带冠词；
②实义动词放在句首时，其他助动词放在主语后。
Try as I might，I could not lift the stone.
我用尽力气，可还是举不起这块石头。
(5)hat句型中的so/such位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
他说话的声音很大，甚至隔壁屋的人都能听见。
Such a lovely toy did he buy me that I was very thankful to him.
他给我买了这么可爱的一个玩具，我非常感激他。
[即时演练4] 单句语法填空
①Strange as/though it seems，it is true.
②So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
(6)在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were，had，should时，可将if省略，把were，had，should移到主语之前，从句采用部分倒装结构。
Were I you，I wouldn't have such a good chance slip.
如果我是你，我不会让这么好的一个机会溜走的。
Had you attended the graduate ceremony，I should have seen you.
要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。
[即时演练5] 句型转换
①If it should rain，we'll stay indoors reading books.
→Should it rain，we'll stay indoors reading books.
②If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the first bus.
→Had you got up earlier，you would have caught the first bus.
Ⅰ.将下列句子改为倒装句
1．He was able to get back to work only when the war was over.
→Only when the war was over was he able to get back to work．
2．He not only liked reading stories but also could even write some.
→Not only did he like reading stories but also he could even write some．
3．The old woman little knew that she was seriously ill herself.
→Little did the old woman know that she was seriously ill herself．
4．He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.
→Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang．
5．The woman will never forget the day in 2016 when she first came to the city.
→Never will the woman forget the day in 2016 when she first came to the city．
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