高考英语长难句语法解析及翻译
第1句
时间状语从句,定语从句
1. When he returned, the boy was able to describe everything he had seen to the old man.
长句分析:
(1) When 引导的是时间状语从句;
(2) He had seen: 是一个定语从句,修饰先行词everything. 由于定语从句缺少宾语,因此省略了关系代词that。注意:先行词为不定代词everything时,关系代词不可使用Which;
(3) To the old man: 是做动词describe的宾语补足语;
(4) Describe: 描述. Describe something to somebody : 向
sort of strange翻译某人描述某物;
长句翻译: 当他回来时,这个男孩能向老人描述他所看到的一切。
第2句
目的状语从句,宾语从句
2. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
长句分析:
(1) so that : 引导了一个目的状语从句,so 前面的句子是主句,that 后面的句子是目的状语从句;
(2) what 引导的是it knows的宾语从句,充当knows的宾语,it
是指示代词,指代的是robot. What在宾语从句中充当do的宾语;
(3) have to : 不得不;劝告或建议时用;表示一定真实或肯定发生;
(4) have a way to do something : 拥有做某事的方法;
长句翻译:机器人必须有一个特定的方式来接收程序,这样它才能知道它要做什么。
第3句
定语从句
3. The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.
长句分析:
(1) 并列连词but 链接了两并列句,前面一个句子为复合句;
(2) Jackie chose: 是一个定语从句,用来修饰先行词company 的,由于定语从句中缺少宾语,所以该定语从句省略了关系代词
that/which;
(3) Choose: 选择;选取;挑选;决定;过去式:chose, 过去分词:chosen;
(4) Plan to do something: 计划做某事;
(5) More than + 数量词: 超过,多余,相当于over;
(6) Apply for : 提出申请;申请…职位;请求;
长句翻译: 杰基选择的那家公司只打算雇用一个人,但有二十多个人申请了这份工作。
第4句
定语从句
4. Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing.
长句分析:
(1)who引导了一个定语从句,修饰先行词a Chinese man;
(2)Around : 大约, Around this time的大约这个时候;
(3) Start doing something: 开始做某事;
长句翻译: 大约在这个时候,我开始和一个中国人在一个乐队里演奏,他成了我在北京最好的朋友之一。
第5句
条件状语从句
5. I will tell you about it if no water is spilt when you reach here.
长句分析:
(1)主句是I will tell you about it, if 引导条件状语从句,when引导时间状语从句;
(2)Tell somebody something = tell something to somebody: 告诉某人某事;
(3)Spill: 溢出,涌出,蜂拥而出。过去式:spilt/spilled; 过去分词:spilt/spilled;
现在分词:spilling
长句翻译:如果你到这儿时没有水溅出来,我会告诉你的。
第6句
结果状语从句
6. The crocodile noticed that accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth.
长句分析:
(1) So 前后链接的两个句子表示因果关系,前面是因,后面是果;
(2) Down he dived : 是将副词down 提到了主语的前面,用与强调down;
(3) Dive: 猛冲;(头朝下)跳入水中;
(4) Bring something up: 养育,抚养,养大;谈及;提出;呕吐,
咳出;
长句翻译:鳄鱼注意到了这个意外,于是他潜了下去,用大嘴把它带上来。
第7句
原因状语从句,宾语从句,比较状语从句
1. Frost thinks kids don`t find the experience of being taught by smart machine as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.
长句分析:
(1)because引导了一个原因状语从句,前面为主语,后面为从
句;
(2)thinks 后面是宾语从句,该宾语从句省略了引导词that;
(3)as strange as: 引导了比较状语从句,第一个as 前面是主句,第二个as和后面是从句;
(4)在宾语从句kids don`t find , find 是谓语, the experience of …是宾语且核心词是experience, strange是宾语补足语;
(5)Of being taught : being taught 是动名词的被动语态,做介词Of的宾语,因为孩子是被智能机器教,因此使用倍动态;
(6)In a time of : 在原因状语从句中充当grown up的时间状语。
词汇语法解析:
(1)find + somebody/something + 形容词:发现/认为/觉得某人/某怎么样。形容词为宾语补足语,和宾语somebody/something 构成了复合宾语:
find the book interesting: 觉得这本书很有趣;
(2)动名词的被动语态:being done
The boy missed being hurt by the car.
这个男孩避免了被车伤到;
(3)grow up: 长大;
(4)in a time of : 在…时期
句子翻译: