高中英语学习材料
madeofjingetieji
U4 重点词汇讲解
1. International aid helps many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong.
国际援助帮助世界上的许多人过上了更好的生活，尤其是当情况变得糟糕的时候。
go wrong  出毛病，发生故障；变糟，变坏
go 的用法：go 在此处充当系动词，后加形容词做表语，表示变化（通常是由正常变为不正常，好变成坏）。
拓展： go deaf  变聋                  go blind  变瞎
      go sour  变酸                      go pale  变苍白
      go mad  变疯                      go bad  变质
eg. 1) To my surprise, something has gone wrong with the engine.
使我吃惊的是，发动机出毛病了。
  2) She went pale at the news. 听到那消息她的脸变得苍白。
  3) Eggs go bad easily in summer. 夏天鸡蛋容易变坏。
  4) He went blind after the accident. 这次事故后，他的眼睛就瞎了。
2. Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programs to help people.
regularly什么意思作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问那些联合国采取行动帮助其人民的国家。
operate vt. 使用，使……运转（系统、项目、服务等）
eg. 1) The government operates a new system for assisting the old people.
政府制定了一个新的制度来帮助老年人。
  2) Machines are operated by electricity. 机器靠电开动。
operate vi 动手术  operate on …
eg. The doctor operated on his chest yesterday. 昨天医生给他的胸部动了手术。
operation  n. 军事行动；手术；操作，实施。
eg. 1) The army received an order to put off the operation. 部队接到命令要推迟行动。
  2) The operation of the machine is simple. 这台机器的操作很简单。
  3) You’d better examine the engine regularly to guarantee its smooth operation.
你最好经常检查引擎以保证它能正常运转。
  4) He is very ill and needs an operation. 他病得很重，需要做手术。
3. I’m pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to.
我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈谈联合国的情况，联合国被称为UN.
refer to: 1) 提交，交付； 2）求助，查询； 3）参照，参阅；
4）言及，提到；5）把……称作
eg. 1) You can refer to your notes in the exam but discussing with others is not allowed.
考试中你可以参考笔记，但不可以与其他人讨论。
  2) If you are still confused, please refer to the expert. 如果你还不明白，可以去问问专家。
  3) The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturer. 商店把投诉转交给了制造商。
  4) Don’t refer to that matter again. 不要再提那件事了。
  5) Is she the lady referred to last night?  她就是昨晚提到的那位女士吗？
  6) The speaker referred to him as an up-and –coming politicians.
演讲者被认为是一位政治新秀。
4. I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role.
能够担任这个角，我感到十分荣幸。
(1) honor  vt.尊敬，给予荣誉
eg. 1) I’m honored that you could come. 很荣幸你能来。
  2) The young should honor the old. 年轻人应该尊重老人。
  3) I hope that you can honor our agreement. 我希望你能信守我们的协议。
honor n. 荣誉，面子，尊敬
eg. 1) Everyone has the responsibility to protect the honor of his country.
每人都有责任保护祖国的荣誉。
  2) The athletes won great honor for our motherland.
运动员们为我们的祖国赢得了无限荣誉。
  3) We mush show honor to our teachers. 我们必须尊敬我们的老师。
拓展： honor 构成的常见短语
be honored for … 因……而受到尊敬
be honored with … 被授予……
be/ feel honored by … 因……而感到极大的荣幸
have the honor of doing sth./ to do sth.  有做……的荣幸
in honor of ... 为向……表示敬意，为纪念……
eg. 1) He is honored with the title of a model teacher. 他被授予模范教师的称号。
  2) He sang a song in honor of my birthday. 为庆祝我的生日他唱了一首歌。
honorable: adj. 可敬的，值得钦佩的，品格高尚的
eg. We all trust him because he is an honorable person.
我们都很信任他，因为他是一个高尚的人。
(2) take on: 承担；雇佣；呈现（性质、外观）
eg. 1) Don’t take on more work than you can do.不要承担超过你所能符合的工作量。
  2) Jiangsu Province has taken on a new look in the past twenty years.
二十年来，江苏省呈现的崭新的面貌。
5. With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.
在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供帮助。
worthy: adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
eg. 1) He is a worthy teacher.他是一位受人敬重的老师。
  2) His behavior is worthy of praise. 他的行为值得称赞。
  3) She said that she was not worthy to accept the honor they had offered her.
她说她不配接受他们给予的荣誉。
注：1) worth 和worthy 表示“值得的”时的区别。
be worth + n./ pron. / doing
be worthy of + n./ being done/ to be done
eg. The book is worth reading
  The book is worthy of being read/to be read. 这本书值得一读。
    2）worthy 表示“可敬的”时，通常作定语，不作表语。
6. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.
除战争和冲突引起的紧急问题外，联合国还帮助那些因教育匮乏、食物短缺，或由贫穷、灾难、疾病引起问题的国家。
lack: vt./ vi./ n. 缺乏，没有，需要
vt. lack something 
They are so rich that they lack nothing. 他们非常富裕，什么都不缺。
n. (a) lack of     
Many people died for lack of clean drinking water.
因为缺少干净的饮用水，很多人都死了。
adj. be lacking in   
1) Money for the project is still lacking. 开展这个项目的钱还没有着落。
2) She is lacking in confidence when delivering a speech in public.