句法
句型分类
简单句simple sentence
-只有一个主语和一个谓语（I left.）
● 英语六种基本句型：
1：S+V
（主语subject+谓语predicate）
2：S+V+P
(主语subject+系动词link verb+表语predicative)
3：S+V+DO
(主语subject+谓语predicate+宾语object)
4：S+V+IO+DO
(主语subject+谓语predicate+间接宾语indirect o+直接宾语direct o）
5：S+V+DO+OC
(主语subject+谓语predicate+宾语+宾补object complement)
6:  There be
There be
“有”，There是引导词，无意义，There be后面的名词是句子的主语，属于倒装结构，表示某处有某人/某物。
There+be+主语
There is a cup of water on the table.
与have的区别
There be表示客观存在，have表示单纯的拥有。
There are three cars in the parking lot.
He has three cars in his own parking lot.
There be的就近一致原则
There is a gay and three girls in the classroom.
There are three girls and a boy in the classroom.
There are somewhere between 45,000 to 100,000 of them living in the countries like Zambia and Zimbabwe.
For the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language.
2：S+V+P(主语subject+系动词link verb+表语predicative)
    You are cute.
3：S+V+DO(主语+谓语+宾语object)
    I love you.
复杂句complex sentence
-不止一个主语和一个谓语
并列复杂句
有并列连词：and/or/but
从属复杂句
由一个主句（principal clause）和一个或一个以上的从句（subordinate clause）构成。
什么是从句（subordinate clause）？
从句是复杂句不能独立成句，由that/who/whom/when/why/where/how/which等引导词（connective）引导的非主句部分。
从句的类型
名词性从句：❶主语从句❷宾语从句❸表语从句❹同位语从句
形容词性从句：定语从句
副词性从句：状语从句
✧ 从句三要素： 必须有连接词 必须是陈述句 不能单独使用
名词性从句
主语从句
-在复杂句中充当主语成分的句子叫主语从句
✧ 不受主句时态影响
✧ 系动词是单数is
✧ 谓语动词是第三人称单数
✧ 陈述语序
Eg. That I have had so many friends is amazing.
陈述句用that
That he married a girl in such a short time surprises us all.
特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词
When he will come out of the closet hasn’t been decided.
Why he isn’t here is not clear to everyone.
主语从句&形式主语
That I have had so many friends is amazing.
It is amazing that I have so many friends.
● It had been estimated that up to 50% of people in the developed world are overweight and 20% of these are obese.
宾语从句
-在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫做宾语从句
He knows where the bar is.
I don’t know when he will come.
As Peter Derk says:‘If we can figure out how the mind processes humour, the we’ll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general’.
名词：Milgram  谓语动词：told  宾语： 
A TELLregularly什么意思 B TO DO STH
Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject’ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and experiment was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.
The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at younger age.
It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse.
形式宾语 it
宾语从句&形式宾语
如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it,而将从句放到补足语后面。
It is lucky to date with you.
I know it lucky to date with you.
S+V+it+adj./n./done + that clause
I thought it strange that he married her.
1.S+V+it+adj./of(for)sb.+to do sth.
I found it impossible for me to find a girlfriend.
2.S+V+it+adj./n./done+that clause
I considered it amazing that he left his girlfriend.
3.S+V+it+no use/good/worth + doing sth
Think/find/consider/make
I don’t think it worthwhile taking so much trouble to do this.
4.S+V+it+when/if
Love,like,enjoy,hate,appreciate
表语从句
-表语从句是一个句子作为表语成分，说明主语。
Eg. The problem is when he can finish it.
One interesting correlation Manton uncovered is that better-educated people are likely to live longer.
The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves dragged stones on sledges.
同位语从句
同位语-
在句子中前后两词（组，句）所指意思相同，句法功能相同，这种结构叫同位结构，前面是同位词，后面是同位语。