专题训练——阅读理解之猜词
I. Skill-learning
  Figure out the Chinese meaning of the following underlined expressions.
1.   A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
  His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
  The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
We are on the night shift — from midnight to — this week.
小结：可以通过上下文的______________________来猜词义。常用的具有此功能和作用的表达方式有_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
小结：可以通过上下文中表达______ 或_______ 语义关系的连接词来猜测生词词义。常见的表达_______的连接词有___________________________________________; 表达_______的连接词有_________________________________________________.
3. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow（浅的）.
He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.
She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
小结：可以根据上下文中表达_______________的结构来猜词，常见的此类结构有____________________________________________________________________
4. Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. 
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect.
小结：可以根据上下文中的_______结构来猜词，如_____________________________________________________________________
5.     When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
小结：根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等。
6. Infrequently; innermost; beloved ; antiwar; subconscious; make-believe
7. Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.  (2015chocolate怎么读陕西)
The underlined expression “parental involvement” probably mean?
A. Parents’ expectation on children’s health
B. Parents’ participation in children’s education
C. Parents’ control over children’s life
D. Parents’ plan for children’s future
II． Practice:
1. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.---(2017全国I，D)
What does the underlined phrase refer to?
A． The tube.    B. The still        C. The hole      D. The cup.
2. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. ( 2016全国II,B)
What does the underlined word “downside” probably mean?
A． Mistake.    B. Drawback.    C. Difficulty.    D. Burden.
3. The CRF’s (Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility) produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcoho Series being the most popular. The E
xotic Series — with Sichuan pepper, red bean(豆), cheese and other flavors—also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they  have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.      (2013课标II, C)
The words “chocolate snobs” probably refer to people who _____________.
A. are particular about chocolate      C. know little about cocoa beans
B. look down upon others                D. like to try new flavors
4. This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
What does the phrase “death valley” refer to?  (2017天津，C)
A. A place where cars often break down.
B. A case where passing a law is impossible
C. An area where no driving is permitted