翻译硕士英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷20 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. 
  Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. We’re told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts—which means that we’ve lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts—in other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If you’re not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.  If these statistics surprise you, that’s probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some life event—a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like—jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.  It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a
value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal—the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual—the kind who’s comfortable “ putting himself out there. “ Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.  Introversion, along with its cousins—sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness—is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man’s world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we’ve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.  The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a
single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized—one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.  But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions—from the theory of evolution to van Gogh’s sunflowers to the personal computer—came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.
 
1． According to the author, there exists, as far as personality styles are concerned, a discrepancy between ______.
A．what people say they can do and what they actually can
B．what society values and what people pretend to be
C．what people profess and what statistics show
D．what people profess and what they hide from others
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。第一段第三句指出，我们把自己的国家看作是一个外向型性格的国家，这意味着我们已经失去了真正的自我；紧接着一句提到，三分之一到一半的美国人是内向型性格。由此可知，人们认为自己是外向型性格，但实际上很多人都是内向型性格，[D]项表述正确，故为答案。文章没有讨论能力问题，故排除[A]项；由第一段第三句可知，社会推崇外向型性格，第二段第一句指出，很多人假装是外向型性格，二者是一致的，故排除[B]项；第一段的数据虽然表示内向型性格的人比表现出的多，但外向型性格的人仍占多数，故排除[C]项。 
2． The ideal extrovert is described as being all the following EXCEPT______.
A．doubtful
B．sociable
C．determined
D．bold
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。第三段第三句讲到，典型的外向型性格倾向于行动而不是沉思，冒险而不是注意，确定性而不是怀疑，故答案为[A]项。第一段第二句提到了外向型性格的两个特点：bold和sociable，因此排除[B]项和[D]项；第三段第四句说到，理想型外向者喜欢快速决断，故排除[C]项。 
3． According to the author, our society only permits______to have whatever personality they like.
A．the young
B．the ordinary
C．the artistic
D．the rich
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。第三段第七句讲到，我们允许那些在车库里开公司的、独来独往的技术天才拥有他们喜欢的任何个性，但他们是例外，而不是规则，我们的宽容主要延伸到那些非常富有或有这种潜力的人身上。[D]项表述正确，故为答案。 
4． According to the passage, which of the following statements BEST reflects the author’s opinion?
A．Introversion is seen as an inferior trait because of its association with sensitivity.
B．Extroversion is arbitrary, forced by society as a norm upon people.
C．Introverts are generally regarded as either unsuccessful or as deficient.
D．Extroversion and introversion have similar personality trait profiles.
正确答案：B
解析：观点态度题。作者开篇就指出，社会认同的性格是外向型性格，内向者往往因此隐藏自己的真实性情，第四段第二句表示内向者在外向者的世界如同低人一等，第五段则提出社会对外向型性格的描述多是正面的，可见其已成为社会规范与标准，故答案为[B]项。第四段第一句提到，内向性性格往往与敏感、严肃、害羞联系在一起，但并未说这就是其被视为次等性格的原因，故排除[A]项；原文并没有提及内向性格者被视为失败和低效者，故排除[C]项；文章重点讲内向性格和外向型性格的不同，故排除[D]项。 
5． The author winds up the passage with a______note.
A．cautious
B．warning
C．positive
D．humorous
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。作者在文章中分析了社会对于两种不同性格类型——外向型和内向型的固有看法及其对人们的影响，而在最后一段中则明确指出这种社会偏见是十分错误的，可见他是要对此提出警示，故答案为[B]项。作者明确严肃地探讨一个社会价值观问题，故排除[A]项和[D]项；作者对其论述的固有社会价值观持批评态度，因此排除[C]项。 
  Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in the England of the 1840’s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working-class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature; the novel includes such features as a carefully annotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the f
urniture of the Bartons’ living room, and a transcription of the ballad “ The Oldham Weaver. “ The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a slightly distancing effect.  As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Heys Fields, of tea at the Bartons’ house, and of John Barton and his friend’s discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “ Poverty and Death. “ Indeed , for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families’ emotions and responses (which are more crucial than the material details on which the mere reporter is apt to concentrate) , the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Barton, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive recognition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.  The chapter “Old Alice’s History” brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers. The account o
documented翻译f Job Legh, the weaver and naturalist who is devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment: an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness. The early chapters—about factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the native village that she will never again see; about Job Legh, intent on his impaled insects—capture the characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing experience of industrialism. The other early chapters eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.
 
6． Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward Gaskell’s use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton?
A．Uncritical enthusiasm
B．Unresolved ambivalence
C．Qualified approval
D．Resigned acceptance
正确答案：C
解析：观点态度题。第一段第三句提到，她的方法本质上是记录；最后一句讲到，这种记录很有趣，尽管这种方法有距离感，可见作者对于盖斯凯尔所用的手法是肯定的，但是并没有全盘接受，故答案为[C]项。 
7． According to the passage, Mary Barton and the early novels of D. H. Lawrence share which of the following?
A．Depiction of the feelings of working-class families.
B．Documentary objectivity about working-class circumstances.
C．Richly detailed description of working-class adjustment to urban life.
D．Imaginatively structured plots about working-class characters.
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。作者在第二段第三句指出，要说到再现such families’emotions and responses，类似的英国小说还要等到60年后劳伦斯的作品，可见两者的相似之处就是都描绘了工人阶层的家庭情感，故答案为[A]项。