高中英语语法——介词
一.常见高频介词的用法：
1.against
(1.)表示方位：“逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击”
Birds fly slowly__________ the wind.
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _____________ a big tree.
He often stands___________ the fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening.
The girl was leaning ___________ the wall with her arms folded.
(2.)表示态度：“反对；对着；违背”
They got married____________her parents’ wishes.
Scientists are racing_____________ time in order to find a cure for cancer as soon as possible.
The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in the battle___________ heart disease.
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ____________ it.
(3.)表示对比：“以……为背景；衬托，相应”：
The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly __________the snow.
Before selecting the curtain for your newly-decorated house, it’s more important to know what colors look great___________ the wall paper.
Flowers look better___________ green leaves.
(4.)“防备；对抗”：
We will be competing __________ the best companies in Europe.
Some animals store food___________ the winter.
They don’t believe its goal is to defend____________ possible missile attacks from rogue countries.
2.as
(1.)“作为；当作”
I feel that one of my duties__________ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
New York City, also known___________Big Apple, becomes one of the world’s great business and cultural centers.
__________ an eight­year­old boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine.
(2.)习惯用语：as for; as to至于；关于
_________ for me, I don’t mind going there by train.
_________ for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?
3.at
(1.)表示“处于...状态”
Europe was_________peace for the first time in ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people could live________ at last.        (注意：in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace处于和平状态)
The two countries are _________ war.
(2.)表示“在...时刻、钟点、岁”
Children begin schooling___________ the age of five.
The two brothers decided to leave _________ midnight, for they had many miles to cover.
The advertisement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale___________ a reasonable price
(3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以...”
The population of the world is growing_________ a surprising rate.
Gary must have driven_________ the speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policeman.
(4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：laugh, come, aim, point
He aimed_______ the target.
I stared __________everything as if I were looking for the first time.
My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows ________ the bird.
(5.)表示“应...请求、号召、邀请”
We came to Beijing_________ the invitation of my good friend who has been woeking here for three years.
(6.)习惯用语：“at+名词短语”：表示“一...就...”
at the 一看见...就...                at the 一听到...就...        at the thought/ 一想起...就...
at the news of    ...一得到...的消息,就...       
The girl cried _________ the sight of her mother.
The terrible king’s wish was that all the people would shake in fear_________ the sound of his order.
People in love with each other may feel empty and sick___________ the thought of not being together.
blond4.beyond
(1.)表示程度:“超出，非……所能及”
To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is_____________ expression in words for me.
You really need to pay a visit to Shanghai since you haven’t been there for years, and you will find changes there are_____________ imagination.
We must read not only between the lines, but sometimes__________ the lines so that we can fully understand the writer.
(2.)表示时间:“过了，比...晚，迟于……”
He delayed the matter ________ the fixed time.
He came home__________ the usual time.
(3.)表示位置：“在……另一边，在……更远处”
The woods go for about two miles ___________ the river.        这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。
The small villiage is 20 miles_________ the town.            那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
5.by
(1.)表示方法、手段：“靠、用、通过”
You can reserve tickets __________ phone.                    你可以通过电话订票。
He makes a living_________ selling newspapers.
This kind of work is done_______hand/machine.                这种工作是手工/机器做的。
——What do you mean __________saying “the boy is overgrowing?”
——I mean that he is tall_______ his age.
(2.)表示标准、度量、数量:根据,按照,以……计算,常用结构“by＋the＋计量名词或by＋un.(weight/length/width/depth/volume)”
Parcel post is charged _________ weight and mileage, without reference to contents.包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。
Meat is sold________ the pound.        They are paid_________ the hour.       
(3.)“经过、经由”
If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave___________ the back door.