考研英语阅读理解B节(新题型)分类精讲商业经济类分类模拟(二)
Reading Comprehension
A. Most of us know what it's like to stay in a job after it's stopped being satisfying, or to take on a project that's too big and be reluctant to admit it. CEOs have been known to allocate manpower and money to projects long after it becomes clear that they are failing. The costs to a person who does not know when to quit can be enormous. In economics it's known as sunk cost fallacy. While we recognize the fallacy almost immediately in others, it's harder to see in ourselves. Why?
B. In one of their studies, they put participants into either a promotion or prevention focus. Next, each participant was told to imagine that he or she was CEO of an aviation company that had committed $10 million to developing a plane that can't be detected by radar. With the project near completion and $9 million already spent, a rival company announces the availability of their own radar-blank plane which is both superior in performance and lower in cost. The question put to CEOs was simple: do you invest the remaining $1 million and finish
your company's plane, or cut your losses and move on?
C. Sunk costs are the investments that you've put into something that you can't get back out. They are the years you spent training for a profession you hate. They are the thousands of dollars you spent on redecorating your living room, only to find that you hate living in it. Once you've realized that you probably won't succeed, or that you are unhappy with the results, it shouldn't matter how much time and effort you've already put into something.
D. Recent research by Northwestern University psychologists Daniel Molden and Chin Ming Hui demonstrates an effective way to be sure you are making the best decisions when things go awry: Focus on what you have to gain by moving on, rather than what you have to lose. When people think about goals in terms of potential gain, that's a "promotion focus", which makes them more comfortable making mistakes and accepting losses. When people adopt a "prevention focus", they think about goals in terms of what they could lose if they don't succeed, so they become more sensitive to sunk costs. This is the focus people usually adopt, if unconsciously, when deciding whether or not to walk away. It usually tells u
C. Sunk costs are the investments that you've put into something that you can't get back out. They are the years you spent training for a profession you hate. They are the thousands of dollars you spent on redecorating your living room, only to find that you hate living in it. Once you've realized that you probably won't succeed, or that you are unhappy with the results, it shouldn't matter how much time and effort you've already put into something.
D. Recent research by Northwestern University psychologists Daniel Molden and Chin Ming Hui demonstrates an effective way to be sure you are making the best decisions when things go awry: Focus on what you have to gain by moving on, rather than what you have to lose. When people think about goals in terms of potential gain, that's a "promotion focus", which makes them more comfortable making mistakes and accepting losses. When people adopt a "prevention focus", they think about goals in terms of what they could lose if they don't succeed, so they become more sensitive to sunk costs. This is the focus people usually adopt, if unconsciously, when deciding whether or not to walk away. It usually tells u
s not to walk away, even when we should.
E. There are several powerful, largely unconscious psychological forces at work. We may throw good money after bad or waste time in a dead-end relationship because we haven't come up with an alternative; or because we don't want to admit to our friends and family, or to ourselves, that we were wrong. But the most likely cause is this innate, overwhelming aversion to sunk costs.
F. The two researchers found that participants with a prevention focus stayed the course and invested the remaining $1 million roughly 80 percent of the time. The odds of making that mistake were significantly reduced by adopting a promotion focus: Those people invested the remaining $1 million less than 60 percent of the time. When we see our goals in terms of what we can gain, rather than what we might lose, we are more likely to see a doomed endeavor for what it is.
G. As studies by behavioral economists like Daniel Kahnemen and Dan Ariely show, people is generally loss-averse. Putting in a lot, only to end up with nothing to show for it, is just too awful for most of us to seriously consider. The problem is one of focus. We worry fa
E. There are several powerful, largely unconscious psychological forces at work. We may throw good money after bad or waste time in a dead-end relationship because we haven't come up with an alternative; or because we don't want to admit to our friends and family, or to ourselves, that we were wrong. But the most likely cause is this innate, overwhelming aversion to sunk costs.
F. The two researchers found that participants with a prevention focus stayed the course and invested the remaining $1 million roughly 80 percent of the time. The odds of making that mistake were significantly reduced by adopting a promotion focus: Those people invested the remaining $1 million less than 60 percent of the time. When we see our goals in terms of what we can gain, rather than what we might lose, we are more likely to see a doomed endeavor for what it is.
G. As studies by behavioral economists like Daniel Kahnemen and Dan Ariely show, people is generally loss-averse. Putting in a lot, only to end up with nothing to show for it, is just too awful for most of us to seriously consider. The problem is one of focus. We worry fa
r too much about what we'll lose if we just move on, instead of focusing on the costs of not moving on: More wasted time and effort, more unhappiness, and more missed opportunities.
Order:
1.
答案：E
[解答] 试题中首段已给出，研读后我们得知首段末句提出问题：我们一眼便能看出别人犯了“沉没成本谬误”，却很难发现自己身上这种毛病，这是为什么呢?这就要求下文必须对首段中提出的这个问题进行解答。E项首先指出，(这是因为)有几种强大的心理因素在起作用。然后进行具体分析：在项目失败后我们仍往里面砸钱，感情破灭后仍然浪费时间，这是因为我们尚未到可以替代的东西；也可能是因为我们不愿承认自己做错了。最后又指出，造成这一结果的最主要原因可能是我们对于沉没成本与生俱来的极大反感。可以看出，E项与首段
Order:
1.
答案：E
[解答] 试题中首段已给出，研读后我们得知首段末句提出问题：我们一眼便能看出别人犯了“沉没成本谬误”，却很难发现自己身上这种毛病，这是为什么呢?这就要求下文必须对首段中提出的这个问题进行解答。E项首先指出，(这是因为)有几种强大的心理因素在起作用。然后进行具体分析：在项目失败后我们仍往里面砸钱，感情破灭后仍然浪费时间，这是因为我们尚未到可以替代的东西；也可能是因为我们不愿承认自己做错了。最后又指出，造成这一结果的最主要原因可能是我们对于沉没成本与生俱来的极大反感。可以看出，E项与首段
末句构成了因果逻辑关系，衔接顺畅。其中，E项中；he most likely 是对首段末句why的针对性回答。
2.
答案：C
[解答] 前两段(A项、E项)引出了“沉没成本谬误”这一全新概念，同时也列举了一些实例。E项末句指出，导致这种错误的主要原因是人们对“沉没成本(Sunk costs)”的反感。那究竟什么是“沉没成本”呢?C项以排比句式Sunk 对“沉没成本”这一概念进行解释说明，由此可见C项与上文衔接紧密。
3.
答案：D
[解答] D项开始介绍规避错误的建议，并出现了G项中才提到的focus这一关键信息，因此不可能出现在G项之前。另外，B项、F项中都出现了promotion focus和prevention focus这两个概念，而这两个概念是在D项中才被引出的。因此D项应该排在B项、F项之前。
2.
答案：C
[解答] 前两段(A项、E项)引出了“沉没成本谬误”这一全新概念，同时也列举了一些实例。E项末句指出，导致这种错误的主要原因是人们对“沉没成本(Sunk costs)”的反感。那究竟什么是“沉没成本”呢?C项以排比句式Sunk 对“沉没成本”这一概念进行解释说明，由此可见C项与上文衔接紧密。
3.
答案：D
[解答] D项开始介绍规避错误的建议，并出现了G项中才提到的focus这一关键信息，因此不可能出现在G项之前。另外，B项、F项中都出现了promotion focus和prevention focus这两个概念，而这两个概念是在D项中才被引出的。因此D项应该排在B项、F项之前。
4.
答案：B
[解答] 纵观B项、F项，可以得知都与试验相关，并且都出现了一系列数字。B项指出，研究者将试验对象分配进“趋利型关注”和“避害型关注”两个小组，然后让他们在明知项目会失败的情况下，决定是否继续投入剩余的100万美元以完成项目。可以看出，该段主要介绍了试验的具体实施方式。很显然，试验内容部分应该排在前面。
5.
答案：F
[解答] 从上题得知B项介绍了实验内容，研读F项后即可得知该段主要介绍试验结果(The two researchers )：选择继续投入剩余100万美元的“避害型关注”组成员要远多于“趋利型关注”组成员。试验结果部分应该排在后面。F项应该在B项之后。
With its recession-friendly coffee prices, plentiful tables and available bathrooms, McDona
答案：B
[解答] 纵观B项、F项，可以得知都与试验相关，并且都出现了一系列数字。B项指出，研究者将试验对象分配进“趋利型关注”和“避害型关注”两个小组，然后让他们在明知项目会失败的情况下，决定是否继续投入剩余的100万美元以完成项目。可以看出，该段主要介绍了试验的具体实施方式。很显然，试验内容部分应该排在前面。
5.
答案：F
[解答] 从上题得知B项介绍了实验内容，研读F项后即可得知该段主要介绍试验结果(The two researchers )：选择继续投入剩余100万美元的“避害型关注”组成员要远多于“趋利型关注”组成员。试验结果部分应该排在后面。F项应该在B项之后。
With its recession-friendly coffee prices, plentiful tables and available bathrooms, McDona
ld's restaurants all over the country, and even all over the world, have been adopted by a cost-conscious set as a coffeehouse for the people, a sort of everyman's Starbucks. 6 .
But patrons have also brought the mores of cafe culture, where often a single purchase is permission to camp out with a laptop. Increasingly, they seem to linger over McCafe Lattes, sometimes spending a lot of time but little money in outlets of this chain, which rose to prominence on a very different business model: food that is always fast. And so restaurant managers and franchise owners are often frustrated by these people. 7 .
In the past month, those tensions came to a boil in New York City. When management at a McDonald's in Flushing, Queens, called the police on a group of older Koreans, prompting outrage at the company's perceived rudeness, calls for a worldwide boycott and a truce mediated by a local politician, it became a famous case of a struggle that happens daily at McDonald's outlets in the city and beyond.
8 . If Mike Black's friends are looking for him, they know to check the McDonald's on Utica Avenue in Flatbush, Brooklyn, he said. That is where Mr. Black, who is in his 50s, spends hours opening and reading his junk mail. "We're pleased many of our customers vi
But patrons have also brought the mores of cafe culture, where often a single purchase is permission to camp out with a laptop. Increasingly, they seem to linger over McCafe Lattes, sometimes spending a lot of time but little money in outlets of this chain, which rose to prominence on a very different business model: food that is always fast. And so restaurant managers and franchise owners are often frustrated by these people. 7 .
In the past month, those tensions came to a boil in New York City. When management at a McDonald's in Flushing, Queens, called the police on a group of older Koreans, prompting outrage at the company's perceived rudeness, calls for a worldwide boycott and a truce mediated by a local politician, it became a famous case of a struggle that happens daily at McDonald's outlets in the city and beyond.
8 . If Mike Black's friends are looking for him, they know to check the McDonald's on Utica Avenue in Flatbush, Brooklyn, he said. That is where Mr. Black, who is in his 50s, spends hours opening and reading his junk mail. "We're pleased many of our customers vi
ew us as a comfortable place to spend time," Lisa McComb, a spokeswoman for the company, said in an email, citing free Wi-Fi and areas for children to play as part of the appeal. "McDonald's offers convenience and value in a fun and familiar atmosphere."
But the leisurely cafe culture and the business plan behind fast food are in opposition.
9 .
In a McDonald's near Astor Place, a sign explained that customers were entitled to just 30 minutes of sitting time. But Raymos Martinez, an artist, sat tucked into a dog-eared paperback of historical fiction, and said the anonymity of the place held some appeal. "McDonald's, it's more like a bus stop. Nobody notices you." Or maybe they do. On the other side of the restaurant, in her uniform cap with the Golden Arches, Samantha Reyes, 39, swept discarded burger wrappers off the floor. 10 .
A. Spending the day nursing a latte is part of modern cafe culture, behavior reinforced by franchises like Starbucks and others that seem to actively cultivate the endless sitting, lavishing free Wi-Fi on customers who park their laptops in the morning and do not leave until after dark.
But the leisurely cafe culture and the business plan behind fast food are in opposition.
9 .
In a McDonald's near Astor Place, a sign explained that customers were entitled to just 30 minutes of sitting time. But Raymos Martinez, an artist, sat tucked into a dog-eared paperback of historical fiction, and said the anonymity of the place held some appeal. "McDonald's, it's more like a bus stop. Nobody notices you." Or maybe they do. On the other side of the restaurant, in her uniform cap with the Golden Arches, Samantha Reyes, 39, swept discarded burger wrappers off the floor. 10 .
A. Spending the day nursing a latte is part of modern cafe culture, behavior reinforced by franchises like Starbucks and others that seem to actively cultivate the endless sitting, lavishing free Wi-Fi on customers who park their laptops in the morning and do not leave until after dark.
B. Is the customer always right, even the ensconced penny-pincher? The answer seems to be yes among those who do the endless sitting at McDonald's restaurants in Crown Heights, Brooklyn; Midtown Manhattan; Astoria, Queens; and the East Village.
C. McDonald's is not alone in navigating this tricky territory. Last year, a group of deaf patrons sued Starbucks after a store on Astor Place in Lower Manhattan forbade their meet-up group to convene there, complaining they did not buy enough coffee.
D. Although signs hang in many McDonald's stores instructing customers to spend half an hour or less at the tables, Ms. McComb said there was no national policy about discouraging longtime sitting.
E. Such regulars hurt business, some say, and leave little room for other customers. Tensions can sometimes erupt.
F. She refuses to kick out those who seem to find refuge in her McDonald's. "For myself, ! could be in the same situation," she said. "Tomorrow, it could be me."
G. Behind the Golden Arches, older people seeking company and conversation, schoolchildren putting off homework time and homeless people escaping the cold have tran
C. McDonald's is not alone in navigating this tricky territory. Last year, a group of deaf patrons sued Starbucks after a store on Astor Place in Lower Manhattan forbade their meet-up group to convene there, complaining they did not buy enough coffee.
D. Although signs hang in many McDonald's stores instructing customers to spend half an hour or less at the tables, Ms. McComb said there was no national policy about discouraging longtime sitting.
E. Such regulars hurt business, some say, and leave little room for other customers. Tensions can sometimes erupt.
F. She refuses to kick out those who seem to find refuge in her McDonald's. "For myself, ! could be in the same situation," she said. "Tomorrow, it could be me."
G. Behind the Golden Arches, older people seeking company and conversation, schoolchildren putting off homework time and homeless people escaping the cold have tran
sformed the banquettes into headquarters for the kind of laid-back socializing once carried out on a park bench or brownstone stoop.6.
答案：G
[解答] 本段第一句指出麦当劳餐厅被一会算经济账的顾客当成了平民咖啡馆。依据写作逻辑接下来的句子将会是对主题句的展开，说明顾客们的具体做法有什么。选项中涉及到描述顾客行为的有A项和G项这两个选项，其中A项的意思是：花整天的时间来品尝一杯拿铁是现代咖啡文化的组成部分，星巴克和其他连锁店似乎也积极地促进了这种无休止的静坐发展，用户可以在这里尽情享受免费无线网络，顾客早上带着笔记本过来。直到天黑才离开。G项的意思是：在金的拱形M标志下，老人寻求陪伴与交流、学生消磨做作业前的时光，无家可归者则进来御寒。这些人把餐厅的软垫条凳变成了某种休闲社交的大本营，扮演了公园长凳或褐砂石楼的门廊过去的角。这个选项与该段第一句主语一致且详述了顾客的行为，因此G项为正确选项。
7.
答案：G
[解答] 本段第一句指出麦当劳餐厅被一会算经济账的顾客当成了平民咖啡馆。依据写作逻辑接下来的句子将会是对主题句的展开，说明顾客们的具体做法有什么。选项中涉及到描述顾客行为的有A项和G项这两个选项，其中A项的意思是：花整天的时间来品尝一杯拿铁是现代咖啡文化的组成部分，星巴克和其他连锁店似乎也积极地促进了这种无休止的静坐发展，用户可以在这里尽情享受免费无线网络，顾客早上带着笔记本过来。直到天黑才离开。G项的意思是：在金的拱形M标志下，老人寻求陪伴与交流、学生消磨做作业前的时光，无家可归者则进来御寒。这些人把餐厅的软垫条凳变成了某种休闲社交的大本营，扮演了公园长凳或褐砂石楼的门廊过去的角。这个选项与该段第一句主语一致且详述了顾客的行为，因此G项为正确选项。
7.
答案：E
[解答] 填空之前的句子指出餐厅经理与店主常常被这些人搞的焦头烂额。E项中such regulars(这样的常客)与前一句句尾处的these people相衔接。进一步说明蹭座的顾客让店主烦恼是因为他们影响生意，害得别的顾客几乎不到位子。因此E项为正确选项。
8.
答案：B
[解答] 该空处于第四段的段首位置，因而要“瞻前顾后”。上一段列举了一个顾客与麦当劳门店管理人员之间的冲突事件。空格后说的是迈克先生常喜欢悠闲地在麦当劳闲坐的事情。这两个事件一个是展现消极面的事例，另一个则是展现积极面的事例，那么其间就需要一个过渡句。B项的意思是：即使客户一坐不起又不愿花钱，他们永远都是正确的吗?在布鲁克林皇冠高迪、曼哈顿中心、皇后区阿斯托利亚及东村，占领了麦当劳的人看来，答案似乎是肯定的。一问一答的表达刚好起到了承上启下的衔接作用，因而B项是正确选项。
9.
[解答] 填空之前的句子指出餐厅经理与店主常常被这些人搞的焦头烂额。E项中such regulars(这样的常客)与前一句句尾处的these people相衔接。进一步说明蹭座的顾客让店主烦恼是因为他们影响生意，害得别的顾客几乎不到位子。因此E项为正确选项。
8.
答案：B
[解答] 该空处于第四段的段首位置，因而要“瞻前顾后”。上一段列举了一个顾客与麦当劳门店管理人员之间的冲突事件。空格后说的是迈克先生常喜欢悠闲地在麦当劳闲坐的事情。这两个事件一个是展现消极面的事例，另一个则是展现积极面的事例，那么其间就需要一个过渡句。B项的意思是：即使客户一坐不起又不愿花钱，他们永远都是正确的吗?在布鲁克林皇冠高迪、曼哈顿中心、皇后区阿斯托利亚及东村，占领了麦当劳的人看来，答案似乎是肯定的。一问一答的表达刚好起到了承上启下的衔接作用，因而B项是正确选项。
9.
答案：D
[解答] 填空前一句的意思是：轻松的咖啡文化和快餐业背后的商业计划是相互矛盾的。D项中although一词表明了该句话是让步逻辑关系。这种表达用来说明两事物之间的矛盾关系是十分常见的。该选项的句意是：虽然许多麦当劳店内都悬挂着告诉客户在餐位上停留的时间不要超过半小时的告示，但是并没有任何禁止人们在店内逗留过久的国家规定。这是对矛盾的详述，因此D项为正确选项。
10.
答案：F
[解答] 该填空较为简单。填空前面提到了名为萨曼莎的餐厅店员在服务，F项中代词she表明该句话描述了女性对一坐不起现象的观点，因而F项为正确选项。
A. The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to medicare, social security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the le
[解答] 填空前一句的意思是：轻松的咖啡文化和快餐业背后的商业计划是相互矛盾的。D项中although一词表明了该句话是让步逻辑关系。这种表达用来说明两事物之间的矛盾关系是十分常见的。该选项的句意是：虽然许多麦当劳店内都悬挂着告诉客户在餐位上停留的时间不要超过半小时的告示，但是并没有任何禁止人们在店内逗留过久的国家规定。这是对矛盾的详述，因此D项为正确选项。
10.
答案：F
[解答] 该填空较为简单。填空前面提到了名为萨曼莎的餐厅店员在服务，F项中代词she表明该句话描述了女性对一坐不起现象的观点，因而F项为正确选项。
A. The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to medicare, social security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the le
vy "would enrich the heirs of America's millionaires and billionaires, while hurting families who struggle to make ends meet", the petition says.
B. About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the tax in his $1.6 trillion tax-cut proposal. Normally when "dozens" of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America's fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr.; and William Gates Sr., a Seattle lawyer and father of America's richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates.
C. Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax-repeal. They also discuss something that's equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values. And nowhere is this principle more reverend than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition an expression of meritocracy.
B. About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the tax in his $1.6 trillion tax-cut proposal. Normally when "dozens" of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America's fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr.; and William Gates Sr., a Seattle lawyer and father of America's richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates.
C. Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax-repeal. They also discuss something that's equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values. And nowhere is this principle more reverend than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition an expression of meritocracy.
D. Buffett told the New York Times that repealing the estate tax would be a "terrible mistake" and the equivalent of "choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold medal winners in the 2000 Olympics."
E. An old brokerage commercial says: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it." There was a perfect parody of the ad in which the line read: "He made his money the old-fashioned way. He inherited it." In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right? Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit, want to help make the first one real. Let's hope this is only one step in that process.
F. It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush's proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions—it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already— in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people.
G. President Bush will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax-cut plan, delivering a speech
E. An old brokerage commercial says: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it." There was a perfect parody of the ad in which the line read: "He made his money the old-fashioned way. He inherited it." In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right? Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit, want to help make the first one real. Let's hope this is only one step in that process.
F. It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush's proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions—it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already— in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people.
G. President Bush will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax-cut plan, delivering a speech
at a community center in St. Louis. The proposal would slash federal tax rates across all levels of income, eliminate the so-called marriage penalty and phase out estate taxes. Democrats complain that the plan—which would cut the top rate from 39 to 33—would disproportionately benefit the wealthy and unnecessarily squander expected budget surpluses. Some of the richest Americans are urging Congress not to repeal the estate tax, the New York Times reported on Wednesday.
Order:
11.
答案：G
[解答] 浏览选项可知本文是一篇关于美国政府税收政策的文章。G项的意思是：“布什总统将在圣路易斯社区中心发表讲话，阐述他的减税1.6万亿美元的计划。这项计划将大幅削减各收入水平的联邦税率，减免所谓的‘婚姻’，并逐渐废除房地产遗产税。这项计划将使最高
Order:
11.
答案：G
[解答] 浏览选项可知本文是一篇关于美国政府税收政策的文章。G项的意思是：“布什总统将在圣路易斯社区中心发表讲话，阐述他的减税1.6万亿美元的计划。这项计划将大幅削减各收入水平的联邦税率，减免所谓的‘婚姻’，并逐渐废除房地产遗产税。这项计划将使最高
的税率从39%降到33%。民主党表示异议，认为这项计划不公平，有利于富人，而且不必要地浪费预期的预算盈余。据《纽约时报》周三报道，美国一些最富有的人请求国会不要废除房地产遗产税。”G项通过总统的减税计划引出了主题，所以首段为G项。
12.
答案：F
[解答] 在第二段B项确定之后，我们可以发现文章剩下的内容与巴菲特这个人有关，而F项意思是“巴菲特、乔治·索罗斯和其他一些有名的大富豪一起出面反对布什总统提出的废除房地产遗产税计划，这的确有些新鲜。虽然该项政策带有一些感情彩(因为这项计划会保护一些小业主的继承人，让他们不用为缴税而卖掉公司；事实上很多人已为他们的积蓄纳过税)，可事实上废除房地产遗产税将主要为极少数很富有、很富有的人增添一笔意外之财。”F项对请愿本身进行了说明，以及它可能带来的后果。所以本段选F项。
13.
答案：C
12.
答案：F
[解答] 在第二段B项确定之后，我们可以发现文章剩下的内容与巴菲特这个人有关，而F项意思是“巴菲特、乔治·索罗斯和其他一些有名的大富豪一起出面反对布什总统提出的废除房地产遗产税计划，这的确有些新鲜。虽然该项政策带有一些感情彩(因为这项计划会保护一些小业主的继承人，让他们不用为缴税而卖掉公司；事实上很多人已为他们的积蓄纳过税)，可事实上废除房地产遗产税将主要为极少数很富有、很富有的人增添一笔意外之财。”F项对请愿本身进行了说明，以及它可能带来的后果。所以本段选F项。
13.
答案：C
[解答] 浏览剩余的选项，发现C项是讲巴菲特等人请愿的原因(Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax-repeal)，(巴菲特等人在反对废除房地产遗产税的请愿书中列举了这些原因。)，C项相对来讲符合逻辑顺序。
14.
答案：A
[解答] A项对请愿者反对废除遗产税的理由做出了说明The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to medicare, social security, environmental protection and other government programs. (请愿者们认为：废除房地产遗产税将导致国库数十亿美元的税收损失，其结果从长远看，将会导致增加税收，或者会削减医疗保健、社会保障、环保及其他政府项日的投人。)与D项相比，A项与上文的逻辑关系更紧密(都是谈请愿的)。
15.
14.
答案：A
[解答] A项对请愿者反对废除遗产税的理由做出了说明The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to medicare, social security, environmental protection and other government programs. (请愿者们认为：废除房地产遗产税将导致国库数十亿美元的税收损失，其结果从长远看，将会导致增加税收，或者会削减医疗保健、社会保障、环保及其他政府项日的投人。)与D项相比，A项与上文的逻辑关系更紧密(都是谈请愿的)。
15.
答案：E
[解答] 最后一个选项，浏览全文，E项放结尾使得文章逻辑通顺。
Today, some 30% of small business owners don't have a Web presence at all; while the vast majorities who do are watching their sites sit stale, waiting for business. Where did things go wrong? There are common principles followed by those whose dreams of online success have become reality.
1. Build your site around your customer:
Thinking of your site as your online storefront, built around delivering the highest-quality customer experience from the moment your customer steps through the "door".
2. Just because you built it doesn't mean they'll come:
If you aren't seeing a large volume of targeted traffic to your site, it's time to up the ante.
3. Integrate customer loyalty programs and promotions:
Containing discounts, news, or friendly service reminders. Use discount promotional offers to stay in touch with past visitors to your site.
[解答] 最后一个选项，浏览全文，E项放结尾使得文章逻辑通顺。
Today, some 30% of small business owners don't have a Web presence at all; while the vast majorities who do are watching their sites sit stale, waiting for business. Where did things go wrong? There are common principles followed by those whose dreams of online success have become reality.
1. Build your site around your customer:
Thinking of your site as your online storefront, built around delivering the highest-quality customer experience from the moment your customer steps through the "door".
2. Just because you built it doesn't mean they'll come:
If you aren't seeing a large volume of targeted traffic to your site, it's time to up the ante.
3. Integrate customer loyalty programs and promotions:
Containing discounts, news, or friendly service reminders. Use discount promotional offers to stay in touch with past visitors to your site.
4. Justify your monthly spending through product bundling:
While pay-per-click Internet advertising is much more cost-effective than traditional media channels, bundling products together will not only increase your sales revenue, but also enable you to get more out of your per-click ad rates.
5. Measure your progress:
Your site may be live, but how is it performing?
Armed with these simple lessons, vow to make your business realize the true promise of the Internet.
A. A manufacturing company selling $50 items was having trouble justifying the cost of online keyword ads. By bundling products to create packages of $100 or more and advertising to wholesale customers looking to buy in bulk, the manufacturer dropped its sales representative agencies and focused on large-volume buyers, such as Wal-Mart and Target. Needless to say, the company had no trouble exceeding its yearly sales quota.
B. One of my past clients had a well-designed physical storefront, solid prices, and quality offerings. However, he wasn't able to drive enough store traffic despite targeted advertising
While pay-per-click Internet advertising is much more cost-effective than traditional media channels, bundling products together will not only increase your sales revenue, but also enable you to get more out of your per-click ad rates.
5. Measure your progress:
Your site may be live, but how is it performing?
Armed with these simple lessons, vow to make your business realize the true promise of the Internet.
A. A manufacturing company selling $50 items was having trouble justifying the cost of online keyword ads. By bundling products to create packages of $100 or more and advertising to wholesale customers looking to buy in bulk, the manufacturer dropped its sales representative agencies and focused on large-volume buyers, such as Wal-Mart and Target. Needless to say, the company had no trouble exceeding its yearly sales quota.
B. One of my past clients had a well-designed physical storefront, solid prices, and quality offerings. However, he wasn't able to drive enough store traffic despite targeted advertising
efforts in print publications and other offline venues. We decided to shift those ad dollars to an online pay-per-click campaign—in which the advertiser pays whenever someone clicks on its entry posted during the course of a site search based on keywords relevant to his business. The immediate impact was staggering. Online revenue soared tenfold to $1 million from $100, 000 within only a few months.
C. With today's technology, your return can be easily measured. If you rely on your Web site as a sales tool, you can't afford not to invest in site analytics. Make sure your Web solution includes an easy-to-use reporting tool that presents this information in a clear, concise format. After all, while metrics are a critical part of the Web equation, you don't have the time to spend hours digging through reams of data.
D. Years ago, I worked with a woman who sold purses online through a home-built site that lacked critical e-commerce components. After a simple redesign including product descriptions, comprehensive navigation, and a secure, user-friendly ordering system, her revenue increased fivefold. And she began receiving rave reviews from customers impressed with the ease and convenience of the online shopping experience.
C. With today's technology, your return can be easily measured. If you rely on your Web site as a sales tool, you can't afford not to invest in site analytics. Make sure your Web solution includes an easy-to-use reporting tool that presents this information in a clear, concise format. After all, while metrics are a critical part of the Web equation, you don't have the time to spend hours digging through reams of data.
D. Years ago, I worked with a woman who sold purses online through a home-built site that lacked critical e-commerce components. After a simple redesign including product descriptions, comprehensive navigation, and a secure, user-friendly ordering system, her revenue increased fivefold. And she began receiving rave reviews from customers impressed with the ease and convenience of the online shopping experience.
E. Online success demands more than simple presence. Your Internet investment should pay for itself with new customers and increased sales. Find a trusted partner who can help you navigate today's (and tomorrow's) technology and who understands the bottom-line realities of your business.
F. One villa rental company had a Website that generated very few calls and online bookings. I helped the company set up a "last minute deals" distribution list. By subscribing, site visitors would receive weekly e-mails offering 11th-hour discounts on villa rentals. As a result, the company captured contact information for thousands of possible customers, reduced its unused inventory to almost zero, and increased revenue significantly.16.
答案：D
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“以客户为中心建立网站”。接下来的论述是对这一标题的解释：应该把网站看作是在线的店面，从顾客踏入店门的那一刻起就传递给他们一种最优质的顾客体验。通过阅读得知D项中明确指出，该女士的在线销售因给顾客带来舒适便捷的购物体验而受到好评，因此D项是与其相匹配的段落。
F. One villa rental company had a Website that generated very few calls and online bookings. I helped the company set up a "last minute deals" distribution list. By subscribing, site visitors would receive weekly e-mails offering 11th-hour discounts on villa rentals. As a result, the company captured contact information for thousands of possible customers, reduced its unused inventory to almost zero, and increased revenue significantly.16.
答案：D
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“以客户为中心建立网站”。接下来的论述是对这一标题的解释：应该把网站看作是在线的店面，从顾客踏入店门的那一刻起就传递给他们一种最优质的顾客体验。通过阅读得知D项中明确指出，该女士的在线销售因给顾客带来舒适便捷的购物体验而受到好评，因此D项是与其相匹配的段落。
17.
答案：B
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“你仅仅是建立了它，并不意味着顾客就会光临”。该标题下面，作者只给出了一句话作为说明，即如果你没有看到大量的顾客光临你的网站。就是时候提高赌注了。考生应该抓住这一句的关键部分：提高赌注。从常识上讲，“下赌注”一般意味着做出某种新的尝试或者改变。而前半句提到的“没有大量顾客光临你的网站”是促使你做出这种尝试或改变的原因。阅读选项，内容和逻辑上衔接最贴切的是B项，其中enough store traffic和原文中的a large volume of targeted traffic相呼应，该项提到的“将网下广告的经费转移到网络销售上”则是新的大胆尝试。因此确定B项为正确答案。
18.
答案：F
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“将顾客忠诚计划和促销手段结合在一起”。在下文的论述中，作者给出了实施这一原则和建议的具体方法：包括打折、新闻和友好的提醒性服务。通过提
答案：B
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“你仅仅是建立了它，并不意味着顾客就会光临”。该标题下面，作者只给出了一句话作为说明，即如果你没有看到大量的顾客光临你的网站。就是时候提高赌注了。考生应该抓住这一句的关键部分：提高赌注。从常识上讲，“下赌注”一般意味着做出某种新的尝试或者改变。而前半句提到的“没有大量顾客光临你的网站”是促使你做出这种尝试或改变的原因。阅读选项，内容和逻辑上衔接最贴切的是B项，其中enough store traffic和原文中的a large volume of targeted traffic相呼应，该项提到的“将网下广告的经费转移到网络销售上”则是新的大胆尝试。因此确定B项为正确答案。
18.
答案：F
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“将顾客忠诚计划和促销手段结合在一起”。在下文的论述中，作者给出了实施这一原则和建议的具体方法：包括打折、新闻和友好的提醒性服务。通过提
供打折的促销活动来与网站的访问者保持联系。因此。接下来论述的内容至少应该与顾客忠诚或促销有关，甚至可能继续论述打折的销售手段。在剩余的几个选项中，F项直接出现了“discount”(折扣)一词，即提供别墅租赁折扣，此外该项中的contact information for thousands of possible customers与原文中的stay in touch with past visitors to your site相呼应。所以F项为正确答案。
19.
答案：A
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“通过产品捆绑销售来证明你每月开销的必要性”。该标题将销售方式确定为捆绑销售。接下来的内容则指出这种方法不仅可以增加销售收入，还可以使你从网络点击销售中受益更多。由此，可预测接下来的内容也应围绕“捆绑销售”展开论述。A项中出现了bundling一词，并且以一个制造公司为例，论证这种销售方式使销售额得到了提升。
20.
19.
答案：A
[解答] 本题的小标题的含义是“通过产品捆绑销售来证明你每月开销的必要性”。该标题将销售方式确定为捆绑销售。接下来的内容则指出这种方法不仅可以增加销售收入，还可以使你从网络点击销售中受益更多。由此，可预测接下来的内容也应围绕“捆绑销售”展开论述。A项中出现了bundling一词，并且以一个制造公司为例，论证这种销售方式使销售额得到了提升。
20.
答案：C
[解答] 本题的小标题含义是“估计你的进展”。接下来的论述中，作者提出“也许你的网站仍在运行之中，但具体运转如何”的疑问。因此可以推断下文要论述的是如何估计网站的运转状况。大部分备选项的内容都是关于如何通过在线销售改善销售状况，只有C项和E项是关于网站如何更好地运行的建议。两个选项皆为说理论证。表面上看它们都是在讲网站运转，但是E项主要论述了保证在线销售成功除网络以外的因素。如合伙人等。而C项则围绕网站分析、网站建设展开论述，因此C项是正确答案。
Today there is widespread agreement that multinational corporations will have an important effect on international relations and world economy. But there is little agreement on exactly what that effect will be. There are two groups of those who see them as benevolent and those who see them as evil.
Among those who see multinational corporations as benevolent, many emphasize their importance in helping reduce the gap between rich countries and poor ones. These business giants are referred to as "engines of development" because it is claimed that they
[解答] 本题的小标题含义是“估计你的进展”。接下来的论述中，作者提出“也许你的网站仍在运行之中，但具体运转如何”的疑问。因此可以推断下文要论述的是如何估计网站的运转状况。大部分备选项的内容都是关于如何通过在线销售改善销售状况，只有C项和E项是关于网站如何更好地运行的建议。两个选项皆为说理论证。表面上看它们都是在讲网站运转，但是E项主要论述了保证在线销售成功除网络以外的因素。如合伙人等。而C项则围绕网站分析、网站建设展开论述，因此C项是正确答案。
Today there is widespread agreement that multinational corporations will have an important effect on international relations and world economy. But there is little agreement on exactly what that effect will be. There are two groups of those who see them as benevolent and those who see them as evil.
Among those who see multinational corporations as benevolent, many emphasize their importance in helping reduce the gap between rich countries and poor ones. These business giants are referred to as "engines of development" because it is claimed that they
do more to improve the economic life in less developed countries than all governmental foreign aid programs have ever done. By setting up factories abroad, they provide jobs; by equipping these factories with the latest machines and equipment, they make available the most modern technology. 21 . In fact, they do better on their own. It may have been necessary in the mid-nineteen century for Admiral Perry to threaten the Japanese with naval bombardment if they did not allow western countries to trade with them. Such threats would make no sense today. 22 .
The leaders of multinational corporations see patriotism as old-fashioned, the nation-state obsolete, and war in pursuit of national glory downright foolish. They believe that the multinational corporation is "a modern concept evolved to meet the requirements of modern age", while the nation-state is "still rooted in archaic concepts unsympathetic to the need of our complex world." 23 . "I think," an official of General Electric once said, "getting General Electric everywhere in the world is the biggest thing we can do for world peace."
These proponents of the multinational corporations come by and large from the business world. There are, however, many critics among academic students of multinational corporat
The leaders of multinational corporations see patriotism as old-fashioned, the nation-state obsolete, and war in pursuit of national glory downright foolish. They believe that the multinational corporation is "a modern concept evolved to meet the requirements of modern age", while the nation-state is "still rooted in archaic concepts unsympathetic to the need of our complex world." 23 . "I think," an official of General Electric once said, "getting General Electric everywhere in the world is the biggest thing we can do for world peace."
These proponents of the multinational corporations come by and large from the business world. There are, however, many critics among academic students of multinational corporat
ions who regard them as a sinister force. They have produced detailed studies to prove that the benefits of multinational corporations are mostly illusory. To the claim that multinational corporations provide jobs, they point out that this is at the cost of jobs in other countries. To the claim that multinational corporations transfer technology, they reply: 21 often the equipment shipped overseas is out of date; 22 their technology is often unsuitable for many of the less developed countries where labor is plentiful and therefore cheap. 24 . Therefore, they maintain that instead of being the "engines of development", the multinational corporations are actually "engines of impoverishment".
These critics do not deny that consumption of the products of these corporations has risen in countries around the world. 25 . Therefore, although these corporations may breakdown national frontiers they strengthen class distinctions, widening the gap between the rich and the poor, creating greater social injustice and instability.
A. The long, expensive American war in Vietnam did not bring new opportunities in Southeast Asia for the multinational corporations. The decision of the Nixon administration to improve relations with China was more profitable to them.
These critics do not deny that consumption of the products of these corporations has risen in countries around the world. 25 . Therefore, although these corporations may breakdown national frontiers they strengthen class distinctions, widening the gap between the rich and the poor, creating greater social injustice and instability.
A. The long, expensive American war in Vietnam did not bring new opportunities in Southeast Asia for the multinational corporations. The decision of the Nixon administration to improve relations with China was more profitable to them.
B. The fact that both American teenagers and Mexican peasants are drinking Coca Cola does not mean that the life of the Mexican peasants is getting better due to the multinational corporations.
C. They therefore characterize themselves as hard-headed people who are helping to bring about a more cooperative system or world order by breaking down national, geographical, political, economic and ideological barriers.
D. One study actually showed that multinational corporations do not invest capital from wealthy countries, but prefer to finance their operations from the local economy. In other words, they are simply transferring wealth from poorer countries to richer ones.
E. According to these critics, states will soon realize that they have lost their control over issues such as taxation, employment and even the stability of their own currency.
F. But they point out that this so-called "Global Shopping Center" is available only to a very small portion of the local population.
G. Because goods are now produced within the less developed countries, there is less need for them to import from abroad, and their balance of payments will improve. Multinatio
C. They therefore characterize themselves as hard-headed people who are helping to bring about a more cooperative system or world order by breaking down national, geographical, political, economic and ideological barriers.
D. One study actually showed that multinational corporations do not invest capital from wealthy countries, but prefer to finance their operations from the local economy. In other words, they are simply transferring wealth from poorer countries to richer ones.
E. According to these critics, states will soon realize that they have lost their control over issues such as taxation, employment and even the stability of their own currency.
F. But they point out that this so-called "Global Shopping Center" is available only to a very small portion of the local population.
G. Because goods are now produced within the less developed countries, there is less need for them to import from abroad, and their balance of payments will improve. Multinatio
nal corporations today do not need their countries to provide military force to open foreign countries to their investment, products and sales.21.
答案：G
[解答] 本段的中心意思是有些人认为跨国公司缩小了富国和穷国之间的差距。选项中C项、D项和G项可以进入考虑的范围，但C项主要指的是通过打破地理、政治、经济和意识形态的界限，为跨国公司建立一个更具合作性的世界秩序。这和本段的中心意思有一定的差距。D项的意思正好相反，是说实际上跨国公司把贫穷国家的财富转移到了富裕的国家。只有G项的意思围绕着本段的中心意思，说的是由于欠发达国家也可以生产商品，因此无需进口，这样其国际收支平衡会得到改善，故选G项。
22.
答案：A
[解答] 本段的中心意思是跨国公司不需用武力打开别国的大门。A项的意思是越南战争并未给美国的跨国公司带来新的机会，正好符合上下文。
答案：G
[解答] 本段的中心意思是有些人认为跨国公司缩小了富国和穷国之间的差距。选项中C项、D项和G项可以进入考虑的范围，但C项主要指的是通过打破地理、政治、经济和意识形态的界限，为跨国公司建立一个更具合作性的世界秩序。这和本段的中心意思有一定的差距。D项的意思正好相反，是说实际上跨国公司把贫穷国家的财富转移到了富裕的国家。只有G项的意思围绕着本段的中心意思，说的是由于欠发达国家也可以生产商品，因此无需进口，这样其国际收支平衡会得到改善，故选G项。
22.
答案：A
[解答] 本段的中心意思是跨国公司不需用武力打开别国的大门。A项的意思是越南战争并未给美国的跨国公司带来新的机会，正好符合上下文。
23.
答案：C
[解答] 本段仍然是列举跨国公司的益处。跨国公司的总裁们认为跨国公司是满足现代人们需要的一种新观念。C项的意思是他们顽强实干，通过打破国家、地理、政治、经济和意识形态的界限，帮助建立了一个更加合作化的体系或世界秩序。根据上下文中的nation-state(单一民族国家)、patriotism(爱国主义)和getting General Electric everywhere in the world(把通用电气公司送到世界各地)，不难看出C项与上下文融为一体，故选C项。
24.
答案：D
[解答] 从本段开始，作者列举对跨国公司持批评态度的人的观点。他们针对前文中提到的跨国公司带来有利影响的证据逐一进行了反驳。此题的干扰项较多，B项和E项都是批评者的例证，但空白后的句子可以提供有用的线索，therefore一词表明前后有因果关系。therefore引出的句子意为跨国公司并非engines of development(发展的动力)，而是engines of impoveri
答案：C
[解答] 本段仍然是列举跨国公司的益处。跨国公司的总裁们认为跨国公司是满足现代人们需要的一种新观念。C项的意思是他们顽强实干，通过打破国家、地理、政治、经济和意识形态的界限，帮助建立了一个更加合作化的体系或世界秩序。根据上下文中的nation-state(单一民族国家)、patriotism(爱国主义)和getting General Electric everywhere in the world(把通用电气公司送到世界各地)，不难看出C项与上下文融为一体，故选C项。
24.
答案：D
[解答] 从本段开始，作者列举对跨国公司持批评态度的人的观点。他们针对前文中提到的跨国公司带来有利影响的证据逐一进行了反驳。此题的干扰项较多，B项和E项都是批评者的例证，但空白后的句子可以提供有用的线索，therefore一词表明前后有因果关系。therefore引出的句子意为跨国公司并非engines of development(发展的动力)，而是engines of impoveri
shment(贫困的动力)，D项说实际上跨国公司把贫困国家的财富转移到了富裕国家，恰是下文的原因，故选D项。
25.
sort of是什么意思英语答案：F
[解答] 判断本题主要依靠该段的首句。首句指出批评者并不否认跨国公司在世界范围内的产品销量在增加，下文应该是转折，因为该段是关于批评者的观点的。B项是干扰项，它没有表示转折的衔接词，意思也和前一句搭配得有些牵强。F项的意思是他们提出这个所谓的“全球购物中心”仅仅有利于当地少数人，正好句首有but，与上文形成语气上的转折，故选F项。
25.
sort of是什么意思英语答案：F
[解答] 判断本题主要依靠该段的首句。首句指出批评者并不否认跨国公司在世界范围内的产品销量在增加，下文应该是转折，因为该段是关于批评者的观点的。B项是干扰项，它没有表示转折的衔接词，意思也和前一句搭配得有些牵强。F项的意思是他们提出这个所谓的“全球购物中心”仅仅有利于当地少数人，正好句首有but，与上文形成语气上的转折，故选F项。
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