【高中】语法总结之二
主谓一致的分类
一、“不确定数量”的单词或短语作主语
1.“all of，some of，half of，most of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。
All of the cake has been eaten.蛋糕全吃完了。（cake用单数）
All of us are going to Sam’s party next week.
下周我们都去参加山姆的聚会。（us用复数）
Half of the apples are rotten.一半的苹果烂了。（apples用复数）
Half of the apple is rotten.这苹果的一半烂了。（apple用单数）
Some of the work is really difficult.有部分工作的确很难。（work用单数）
Some of the problems we face today are the destruction of our environment. 当今我们面临的问题是环境的破坏。（problems用复数）
Most of my friends live abroad.我的朋友大多数住在国外。（friends用复数）Most of the cheese is made from cow’s milk.
这些奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。（cheese用单数）
2.“the rest of，the majority of+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。
The rest of the students are watering trees.其余的学生正在浇树。（students用复数）
The rest of the wine has gone bad.剩下的酒已经变质了。（wine用单数）
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
这次的大部分损害容易补救。（damage用单数）
The majority of his books are kept upstairs.他的大部分书藏在楼上。（books用单数）
3.“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，a large quantity of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。
There is plenty of coal in this area.这个地区有丰富的煤。（coal用单数）
Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here.
很多外国公司已在这里开办了工厂。（firms决定谓语动词用复数）
A lot of food here is delicious.这儿很多食物都很好吃。（food用单数）
Lots of people here like dancing.这儿很多人都喜欢跳舞。（people用复数）
A large quantity of beer was sold out.大量的啤酒被售出。（beer用单数）
A large quantity of blouses were on sale.大量罩衫有售。（blouses用复数）
【提示】
“quantities of+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词都用复数。
Quantities of water were wasted in this town last year.这个镇去年浪费了大量的水。There were large quantities of shoppers just before Christmas.
圣诞节以前购买东西的顾客非常多。
4.“a variety of，a group of，a crowd of，a good many，a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。
A group of frogs were traveling through the forests.一青蛙正在穿越树林。
A crowd of cattle were dotted around the grass land with a little boy sitting on a rock.
一牛羊分散在草地上，一个男孩坐在一块岩石上。
A good many people agree with us.许多人与我们意见相同。
A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆的许多书不见了。
【比较】
①A number of accidents always occur on rainy days.雨天常常有许多事故发生。
②The number of students in this college has doubled.这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。
5.“名词化形容词”表示“一类人”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor get poorer；the rich get richer.穷者愈穷；富者愈富。
The rejected were heaped in the corner.废品堆在角落里。
The French like to eat well.法国人很讲究吃。
The wounded were sent home.伤员们被送回家。
【提示】“名词化形容词”表示抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The true is to be distinguished from the false.真伪须辨分明。
6.“a kind of，a type of，a sort of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
There is a kind of rose on the table，which is very expensive.
桌上放着一种玫瑰，价格昂贵。
A type of bird that is now extinct is the passenger pigeon.现已消失的一种鸟是信鸽。
7.“many a，more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。
Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks.许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。More than one person is involved in this.与此事有牵连的人不止一个。
More than one student was late.不止一个学生迟到。
【比较】不止一个人来帮助我们。
①More than one person comes to help us.（单数）
②More persons than one come to help us.（复数）
8.“a great deal of，a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A great deal of money is spent on research.研究工作花了许多钱。
A large amount of work has been done to stop the noise.已做了许多工作来消灭噪音。
sort of和kind of
二、“确定数量”的单词或短语作主语
1.“分数，百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词由后面的名词或代词决定。
Two thirds of water in the area has been polluted.