Performance requirements for construction products are set out in a European Product Standard (EN) or a European Technical Approval (ETA) and a manufacturer is responsible for ensuring that his product complies with the relevant specification. An EN which is accepted by the European Commission as addressing all the regulatory requirements of Member States and suitable for using in the attestation process for CE marking is termed a Harmonised Standard . The route that a manufacturer takes to demonstrate this compliance, the attestation of conformity , is described in the EN or ETA.
Depending upon the system of attestation  the involvement of a third party, a testing or certification body is required. Only those organisations identified by a Member State, and notified to the European Commission, can undertake these tasks. Such organisations are termed Notified Bodies .
The different systems of attestation and the tasks of the various bodies are given on page 4. System 1+ is the most onerous and system 4 the least. Most products with a fire performance will be in systems 1 or 3.
A manufacturer demonstrates that his product meets the identified requirements set out in annex Z of an EN or clause 8 of an ETA Guideline and has undergone the necessary attestation procedures by CE marking his product.
A system of attestation is given for each identified essential characteristic  for a particular product. (The essential characteristics have been established taking into account the regulatory needs in all EC Member States). A manufacturer, taking into account the end use application of his product, has to first select which essential characteristics are relevant. This then governs if he needs to approach a Notified Body, and if so it will be a  - test laboratory, for system 3
- inspection body, for system 2 & 2+, or
-
certification body, for system 1.
For system 4 the involvement of a Notified Body is not necessary.
The source of this information is, as stated above, set out in annex Z of a product standard or clause 8 of an ETA Guideline. The first table, e.g. table 1, sets out the essential characteristics for the product and the clause in the standard / ETA where these requirements are specified.
CE marking and attestation of conformity under the CPD
a summary of the basics from the EGOLF Secretary General  Ruth Boughey
Table 1 (EXAMPLE) Essential characteristics for widgets
characteristic
performance requirements reaction to fire clause 4.1 resistance to fire clause 4.2 bullet resistance
clause 4.3 direct airborne sound reduction clause 4.4 surface slip resistance
clause 4.5
Further information, e.g. table 2, sets out the system of attestation for each characteristic. A manufacturer then has to decide which essential characteristics he intends to claim for his product, this will take into account his market and legislative requirements in the countries in which he is placing his products on the market.
Table 2 (EXAMPLE) System of attestation for widgets
intended use
levels or classes system of attestation
where reaction to fire performance required see table 3
see table 3 where resistance to fire performance required
see relevant part of EN 13501    1 for use in anti-bullet widgets
-    1 where noise reduction is required -    3 for all other uses
-
4
For reaction to fire performance the system of attestation further depends upon the reaction to fire classification (in accordance with EN 13501-1) anticipated by the manufacturer. This is explained in table 3 and wherever possible the EN or ETA Guideline should include guidance on the interpretation of the footnotes.
Table 3  Attestation levels for reaction to fire
(taken from EC Decision 2001/596/EC)
product(s) intended use(s)
level(s) or class(es)
system of attestation
A1*, A2*, B*, C*    1 A1**, A2**, B**, C**, D, E
3 product
for uses subject to
regulations on reaction to
fire
(A1 to E)***, F
4
*
Products/materials for which a clearly identifiable stage in the production process results in an improvement of the reaction to fire classification (e.g. an addition of fire retardants or a limiting of organic material)
** Products/materials not covered by footnote (*)
*** Products/materials that do not require to be tested for reaction to fire (e.g. Products/materials of classes
A1 according to Commission Decision 96/603/EC, as amended).
Timescale for CE marking
The EC announces that an EN or ETA Guideline is acceptable for CE marking by announcing it in the Official Journal (OJ) of the EC. It is this announcement that establishes the EN as a ‘Harmonised Standard’. The following information is then given on the NANDO database on the EC’s website
(ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction).
•the date of when a manufacturer may start to CE mark the product
•the end of the period of when a manufacturer must CE mark his product
Markets covered by CE marking
Once CE marking is mandatory for a particular product it cannot be placed on the market of a country of the EEA unless it is CE marked. However it is important to appreciate that under the CPD it is the attestation procedures (i.e. factory production control, inspection & testing) which are harmonized, the performance requirements for specific end uses in national regulations are not.
system of
attestation
task for manufacturer task for notified body
4 -initial type testing of product
- factory production control
none
3 - factory
production
control    -      initial type of testing of product
2 -initial type of testing of product
- factory production control certification of factory production control on basis of
-
      initial inspection
2+ -initial type testing of product
- factory production control
-testing of samples according prescribed
test plan certification of factory production control on basis of
- initial inspection
- continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of production control
1 - factory
production
control
-further testing of samples according
prescribed test plan certification of product conformity on basis of tasks of the notified body and the tasks assigned to the manufacturer
-initial type-testing of the product
-initial inspection of factory and of factory production control
- continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production
control
1+ - factory
production
control
-further testing of samples according
prescribed test plan certification of product conformity on basis of tasks of the notified body and the tasks assigned to the manufacturer
reaction member
-initial type-testing of the product
-initial inspection of factory and of factory production control
- continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of factory production
control
-audit-testing of samples taken at the
factory

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