阅读理解题型分类练(五)　推理判断题——写作意图类
A
[2023·雅礼中学模拟试卷] A few years ago, when I was caring for my seriously ill father, I lost my voice. At first, I just sounded hoarse when I was having difficult conversations about Dad's condition. But before long, I couldn't even say “Yes please” to a cup of tea without sounding like an unusually breathless Minnie Mouse. After consulting an ear, nose and throat specialist, I was told that I had lost my voice due to stress.
We're all familiar with the muscle tightening that comes with the body's natural response to stress. The muscles in and around the voice box are no exception, and a long period of stress can lead to lasting damage to the vocal cords(声带). Perhaps the most obvious thing you can do to protect your voice is to give it a rest. That doesn't mean you have to keep silent. Just try to avoid places, such as noisy bars and restaurants, where you have to speak up or shout to be heard, and move closer to people so you can talk in your normal voice. While some of the advice seems like common sense, there are a few surprises. It's important
to resist the urge to cough or clear your throat before attempting to speak, for example. Coughing pushes the vocal cords together with force, which can increase the risk of losing your voice. Instead, experts suggest taking a few big yawns, making sure to breathe deeply from the bottom of your lungs. Yawning helps create more space in your throat and relaxes the muscles.
Whispering may seem the obvious way to communicate when your voice is failing, but for most of us, it causes more problems. It's far better, the researchers advise to aim to speak softly in your normal voice.
Interestingly, a University of Missouri study found that introverts(内向者) are more likely to suffer from speech­related stress reactions, which affect their vocal control. Simply taking a deep breath before you speak can go a long way towards calming the nerves, says study lead author Professor Maria Dietrich.
In my case seeking more support with Dad's care helped me sound more like myself and less like Minnie within weeks.
1．What does the underlined word “hoarse” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Unable to speak.
B．Unable to express oneself.
C．(Sounding) sweet and smooth.
D．(Sounding) rough and unpleasant.
2．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To make the article interesting.
C．To share the author's personal experience.
D．To offer evidence for the author's argument.
3．According to the text, what is a good way to protect your vocal cords?
A．Whispering in a noisy environment.
B．Avoiding big yawns before speaking.
C．Shortening the distance from others.
D．Coughing softly to make your voice clear.
4．Why is it more likely for introverts to have vocal cord problems?
A．They have difficulty in vocal control.
B．They always whisper, which may cause more problems.
C．They are probably under more pressure when speaking.
D．They always forget to take a deep breath before talking.
B
[2023·辽宁省重点高中二模] Wild animals are human's friends, an important part of the natural ecosystem, and valuable natural resources endowed(赋予)by nature.
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Indian elephants, a subspecies of Asian elephants, have been considered endangered since 1986. There are only an estimated 20，000 to 25，000 Indian elephants left in the wild, and the global population is believed to be decreasing.
Habitat loss is widely considered a direct threat to Indian elephants. Recent economic growth and subsequent increased development in Asia are the main causes of this habitat loss. From expanding human settlements and mining to converting land to plantations and infrastructure(基础建设), many activities can block migratory elephant routes and drive them into smaller sub­populations. When animals are forced into smaller pockets of populations, they risk losing genetic diversity and have a higher chance of dying from disease and natural disasters.
In India, elephants have faced a 70% population decline over the last 60 years. When accounting for climate change projections, scientists predict that the elephant population in
the country could lose over 40% of its habitat by 2070.
As elephants lose their habitats to human settlements and development, interactions between humans and elephants also rise. Elephant populations, especially those living outside of protected areas, wander into agricultural lands in search of food and cause crop or property loss. Even worse, these impacts may cause farmers and residents to retaliate against the elephants if they believe their assets are in danger. Poison or other deadly methods have been used.
Although countries like India, Vietnam, and Myanmar have completely banned the capture of wild elephants for any purpose, illegal hunting still happens in those and other nations where Indian elephants live.
Countries around the world are taking action to protect Indian elephants. In parts of Myanmar, teams of rangers work to protect and co­manage wild elephant populations with the Wildlife Conservation Society. They use the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool(SMART), a geographic information systems­based software to systematically collect, m
anage, analyze, and report data collected from forests. With SMART, park managers can deploy rangers strategically in hotpots for illegal hunting or other illegal activities, manage efforts, and organize resources.