Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Deepening the Health Care System Reform
中共中央 国务院 关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见
In the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress, for the purpose of establishing a health care system with Chinese characteristics, of gradually realizing the goal that everyone is entitled to basic health care services, and of raising the health level of the Chinese people, we hereby put forward the following opinions on deepening the health care system reform.
按照党的十七大精神，为建立中国特医药卫生体制，逐步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标，提高全民健康水平，现就深化医药卫生体制改革提出如下意见。
I. Fully recognizing the importance, urgency and arduousness of deepening the health care system reform
一、充分认识深化医药卫生体制改革的重要性、紧迫性和艰巨性
The health care sector is a major livelihood issue, as it is closely related to the health of billions of people and the happiness of every household. To deepen the health care system reform, quicken the development of health care sector, meet the people’s ever increasing health care demands, and continuously improve the people’s health is an inevitable requirement of implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development and accelerating economic and social development in a coordinated and sustainable manner, an important measure to maintain social fairness and justice and improve the quality of people’s life, and also a major task of building moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and constructing harmonious socialist society.
医药卫生事业关系亿万人民的健康，关系千家万户的幸福，是重大民生问题。深化医药卫生体制改革，加快医药卫生事业发展，适应人民众日益增长的医药卫生需求，不断提高人民众健康素质，是贯彻落实科学发展观、促进经济社会全面协调可持续发展的必然要求，是维护社会公平正义、提高人民生活质量的重要举措，是全面建设小康社会和构建社会主义和谐社会的一项重大任务。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, and since the beginning of the reform and opening-up in particular, China’s health care sector has made remarkable achievements. A health service system covering both urban and rural residents has basically come into being; the disease prevention and treatment capacity has been continuously strengthened; the population covered by health care has gradually expanded; health science and technology level has rapidly risen; the people’s health level has been markedly improved; and the major resident health indexes now rank among the highest in the developing countries. Since the major victory won in combating SARS in particular, governments at various levels have increased their investment, the development of public health, rural health care and urban community health care has been accelerated, and the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and the basic medical insurance system for urban residents have made breakthroughs, all of which have laid a solid foundation for deepening the health care system reform. At the same time, however, we must be aware that there is still a rather prominent contradiction between the current development level of China’s health care sector and the people’s health demands and the requirements of balanced soci
o-economic development. Health care undertakings are developing unevenly between urban and rural areas and among different regions; resource allocation is unreasonable; the work of public health as well as rural and community health care is comparatively weak; the medical insurance system is incomplete; pharmaceutical production and circulation order is not well regulated; the hospital managerial system and operational mechanism are imperfect; government investment in health is insufficient; medical costs are soaring, individual burden is too heavy, and therefore, the people’s reaction is very strong.
新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来，我国医药卫生事业取得了显著成就，覆盖城乡的医药卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平迅速提高，人民众健康水平明显改善，居民主要健康指标处于发展中国家前列。尤其是抗击非典取得重大胜利以来，各级政府投入加大，公共卫生、农村医疗卫生和城市社区卫生发展加快，新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险取得突破性进展，为深化医药卫生体制改革打下了良好基础。同时，也应该看到，当前我国医药卫生事业发展水平与人民众健康需求及经济社会协调发展要求不适应的矛盾还比较突出。城乡和区域医疗卫生事业发展不平衡，资源配置不合理，公共卫生和农村、社区医疗卫生工作比较薄弱，医疗保障制度不
健全，药品生产流通秩序不规范，医院管理体制和运行机制不完善，政府卫生投入不足，医药费用上涨过快，个人负担过重，对此，人民众反映强烈。
Featuring arduous health care tasks, the period from now to 2020 is crucial for China to build moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Along with economic development and improvement of people’s living standards, the people will make higher demands on bettering health care services. Industrialization, urbanization, population aging, disease spectrum change, eco-environmental change and other factors pose a series of new and serious challenges to the health care work. To deepen the health care system reform is a strategic choice to accelerate the development of health care undertakings, an important channel to realize the goal of enabling people to share the achievements of reform and development, and an urgent aspiration of the broad masses of the people.
从现在到２０２０年，是我国全面建设小康社会的关键时期，医药卫生工作任务繁重。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，众对改善医药卫生服务将会有更高的要求。工业化、城镇化、人口老龄化、疾病谱变化和生态环境变化等，都给医药卫生工作带来一系列新的严
峻挑战。深化医药卫生体制改革，是加快医药卫生事业发展的战略选择，是实现人民共享改革发展成果的重要途径，是广大人民众的迫切愿望。
Deepening the health care system reform is a difficult social systemic project involving broad aspects. China has a large population, low per capita income, significant urban-rural and regional disparities, and will be at the primary stage of socialism for a long period of time. These basic national conditions determine that the task of deepening the health care system reform is extremely complicated and arduous, and that it will be a gradual process. Therefore, only through long and arduous endeavors and perseverant explorations on the basis of specified directions and framework can we progressively establish a health care system in line with the country’s actual national conditions. To ensure the reform proceed smoothly and reach the expected goals, not only the reform should be pushed forward with firm determination, but also the work be well organized and steadily implemented.
react to中文深化医药卫生体制改革是一项涉及面广、难度大的社会系统工程。我国人口多，人均收入水平低，城乡、区域差距大，长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情，决定了深化医药卫生体
制改革是一项十分复杂艰巨的任务，是一个渐进的过程，需要在明确方向和框架的基础上，经过长期艰苦努力和坚持不懈的探索，才能逐步建立符合我国国情的医药卫生体制。因此，对深化医药卫生体制改革，既要坚定决心、抓紧推进，又要精心组织、稳步实施，确保改革顺利进行，达到预期目标。
II. The guidelines, basic principles and overall goal of deepening the health care system reform
二、深化医药卫生体制改革的指导思想、基本原则和总体目标
(i) The guidelines for deepening the health care system reform
（一）深化医药卫生体制改革的指导思想。
It should be guided by the important thoughts of Deng Xiaoping theory and Three Represents; it should implement in depth the Scientific Outlook on Development; it should proceed from China’s national conditions, and draw on the useful international experience; it should aim at achieving the goal of ensuring basic health care services for everyone, and
emphatically address the problems concerning the most direct and real interests of the people or the ones that the people are most concerned about. It should adhere to the commonweal nature of public health care; it should adhere to the policy of regarding prevention as the main task and the rural areas as the focal point, and of laying equal stress on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine; it should implement separation between government agencies and public institutions, between government administration and business operations, between medical and pharmaceutical services, and between profit and non-profit; it should strengthen government responsibility and investment, improve national health policies, perfect institutional systems, enhance supervision and regulation, promote institutional innovations, and encourage social participation, so as to construct a basic health care system covering urban and rural residents, continuously raise the health level of the entire population, and promote social harmony.
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