文献信息：
文献标题：Issues in Sustainable Architecture and Possible Solutions（可持续建筑中的问题及可能的解决方案）
国外作者：Fatima Ghani
文献出处：《International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering》,2012,12（1）,p21-24
字数统计：英文1985单词，11317字符；中文3460汉字
外文文献：　
Issues in Sustainable Architecture and Possible Solutions
Abstract— The growing concern with environmental and ecological conditions have led to the discussion/search for ‘energy conscious’, ‘Eco friendly’, ‘energy efficient’ building designs. For the better growth of the future, keeping in view the environment related issues, t
he first objective of the designer is sustainable environmentally compatible building designs. Sustainable architecture also referred as green architecture is a design that uses natural building earth, wood, stone etc (not involving pollution in its treatment) that are energy efficient and that make little or no impact on the nature of a site and its resources. This paper discusses issues related to Sustainable/environmental architecture. It also considers possible solutions related to these issues.
Index Terms—Sustainable, Green, Architecture, Building, Design. Efficiency.
I. INTRODUCTION
The words "Green", "Ecological" and "Sustainable" are terms used by environmentalists to indicate modes of practice. From global economics to household features these practices minimize our impact on the environment and generate a healthy place of living. In a deeper sense the words involve as to what can be done to heal and regenerate the earth's ability to bear life.
A. Principles of Environmentally Oriented Design
In Architecture there are many ways a building may be "green" and respond to the growing environmental problems of our planet. Sustainable architecture can be practiced still maintaining efficiency, beauty, layouts and cost effectiveness. There are five basic areas of an environmentally oriented design. They are Healthy Interior Environment, Energy Efficiency, Ecological Building Materials, Building Form and Good Design.
∙Healthy Interior Environment: It has to be well insured that building materials and systems used do not emit toxic unhealthy gases and substances in the built spaces. Further extra cars and measures are to be taken to provide maximum levels of fresh air andresources翻译 adequate ventilation to the interior environment.
∙Energy Efficiency: It has to be well ensured that the building's use of energy is minimized. The various HVAC systems and methods of construction etc. should be so designed that energy consumption is minimal.
∙Ecological Building Materials: As far as possible the use of building materials should be from renewable sources having relatively safe sources of production.
∙Building Form: The building form should respond to the site, region, climate and the materials available thereby generating a harmony between the inhabitants and the surroundings.
∙Good Design: Structure & Material and Aesthetics are the basic parameters of defining design. They should be so integrated that the final outcome is a well built, convenient and a beautiful living space.
These principles of environmentally oriented design comprise yet another meaningful and environmental building approach called Green or Sustainable design. Architects should use their creativity and perception to correlate these principles to generate locally appropriate strategies, materials and methods keeping in mind that every region should employ different green strategies.
B. Definition
Sustainability means 'to hold' up or 'to support from below'. It refers to the ability of a society, ecosystem or any such ongoing system, to continue functioning into the indefinite future (without being forced into decline through exhaustion of key resources).
Sustainable architecture involves a combination of values: aesthetic, environmental, social, political and moral. It's about one's perception and technical knowledge to engage in a central aspect of the to design and build in harmony with the environment. It is the duty of an architect to think rationally about a combination of issues like sustainability, durability, longevity, appropriate materials and sense of place.
The present environmental conditions have led to the discussion/search for ‘energy conscious’, ‘Eco friendly’, ‘energy efficient’ building designs. For the better growth of the future, keeping in view the environment related issues, the first objective of the designer is a sustainable environmentally compatible. This paper discusses issues related to Sustainable/environmental architecture. The main focus of the paper is on sustainable architecture - its need, solutions and impact on the future.