CHAPTER 1
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1.1 What is Human Resource Management
1.1什么是人力资源管理？
Human resources (HR) have at least two meanings depending on context
人力资源(HR)至少有两个含义，取决于上下文。
The original usage derives from political economy and economics, where it is traditionally called labor, one of the three factors of production.
最初的用法来源于政治经济学和经济学，传统上称之为劳动，是三大生产要素之一。
The more common usage within corporations and businesses refers to the individuals within them.
公司和企业中较为常见的用法是指公司内部的人员。
Compared with physical resources and financial resources, human resources have become more critical to organizational success, and many organizations have realized that it is  the people in an organization that can provide a competitive advantage.
与物质资源和财政资源相比，人力资源对组织的成功变得更为重要，许多组织已经认识到，能够提供竞争优势的是组织中的人。
If these human resources are neglected or mismanaged, the organization is unlikely to do well and, in fact, may fail.
如果这些人力资源被忽视或管理不善，本组织不太可能做得很好，实际上可能会失败。
From a positive standpoint, it is people - human resource - that create organizations and make them survive and prosper.
从积极的观点来看，人---人力资源---创造了组织，使他们得以生存和繁荣。
It is their efforts, talents and skills in using other resources, such as knowledge, materials and energy, that result in the creation of useful products and services.
正是他们在利用知识、材料和能源等其他资源方面的努力、才干和技能，才创造了有用的产品和服务。
More effective management of human resources is increasingly and positively affecting the performance in organizations, both large and small.
对人力资源进行更有效的管理正日益积极地影响着各resources翻译组织的业绩，无论是大还是小。
Human Resource Management (HRM) is a term referring to the philosophy, policies, procedures and practices related to the management of people within an organization.
人力资源管理(HRM)是指与组织内部人员管理有关的哲学、政策、程序和实践。
It is a specialty within the broader field of management that focuses on managing employees or paid staff well.
这是管理领域中的一个专业，重点是管理好员工或有报酬的员工。
It is a framework of activities and practices that supports and develops a motivated workforce while at the same time complying with legislation and regulations that govern the employer/employee relationships.
它是一个活动和做法框架，支持和发展一支充满积极性的劳动力队伍，同时遵守关于雇主/雇员关系的立法和条例。
As a few prominent scholars in this field point out:
正如这一领域的一些著名学者所指出的：
Human resource management refers to the management of people in an organization
人力资源管理是指组织中的人员管理。
Human resource management deals with the design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals.
人力资源管理涉及在一个组织中设计正式系统，以确保有效和高效地利用人力资源来实现组织目标。
Human resource management is a set of interrelated policies, practices and programs whose goal is to attract, socialize, motivate, maintain, and retain an organization's employees.
人力资源管理是一套相互关联的政策、实践和方案，其目标是吸引、社会化、激励、维持和留住一个组织的员工。
The basic aspects of HRM are about "people activities": attracting talented people into the organization; choosing the most qualified candidates from among the applicants; orienting and training new employees; retraining experienced employees; motivating all employees and evaluating their performance; rewarding and compensating everyone on the staff; sometimes disciplineing, discharging, transferring, or promoting someone.
人力资源管理的基本方面是“人的活动”：吸引人才进入组织；从申请者中选择最合格的候选
人；培训和培训新雇员；培训有经验的雇员；激励所有雇员并评估他们的业绩；奖励和补偿每个工作人员；有时纪律处分、解雇、调动或提拔某人。