Unit-10-griculture新编大学英语第二版第
一册课文翻译讲课稿
Unit 10 griculture
Frming for the Future
Every yer, more people fce poverty nd hunger nd more of the erth's resources re ruined. The problems re enormous, but mny experts believe tht the sitution is not hopeless. The solution will require big chnges in how we think bout griculture, food, nd our plnet.
First of ll, frmers everywhere need to develop methods tht re less destructive to the environment. The chnge from single crop frming to mixed crop system would be one importnt step. The plnting of severl different crops improves the soil nd helps prevent erosion. Erosion could lso be prevented by plnting trees to protect the fields from the wind. nother wy frmers could improve the soil is to void deep plowing. In fct, only slight plowing is necessry if proper methods re used.
If the soil were treted better, frmers would not need to use chemicl fertilizers. They could use nturl niml nd vegetble products insted. With mixed crops, frmers would need fewer toxic chemicl insecticides. They
could use
biologicl methods of controlling insects nd disese.
Frmers could lso help sve the erth's precious supplies of wter nd petroleum. To sve wter, they could plnt more wter-efficient plnts insted of the stndrd types of whet or corn. They could lso use wtering systems tht re much less wsteful. To sve petroleum, frmers could mke use of bio-gs genertors which could be fueled by the vegetble nd niml wstes of the frms. In less-developed countries, bio-gs genertors could reduce the need for firewood nd so help sve forests, s well.
resources翻译In less-developed countries, the smll frmers need help. They need to lern more bout crops tht re better suited to locl conditions. They need to lern how to limit erosion nd mke the best use of their resources. These frmers will never be successful without lnd nd economic reform. This should be the im of governments nd interntionl gencies. The current industril nd csh crop policies re only mking the sitution worse.
Industrilized countries could use their economic resources to help bring bout these chnges. They could mke some chnges in their own policies. t present, much food is wsted in these countries for politicl resons. In
Europe nd in North meric, tons of fruit nd diry products re thrown wy every yer. Eting hbits, too, could be chnged in these countries. For exmple, people often et foods from distnt plces insted of locl foods. The trnsporttion of the imported foods dds to the globl pollution problem. People in industrilized countries lso et lot of met, especilly beef.
In fct, lrge percentge of the grin grown in these countries is used for feeding cttle. If people in these countries te less met, there would be more grin to feed the hungry people of the world.
The idel griculturl system would be sustinble; tht is, its level of productivity could be continued indefinitely nd the dmge to the environment much less. This is wr which must be won becuse it would hve only winners for both frmers nd consumers of frm products.
未来农耕
1 现在面临贫困和饥饿的人一年比一年多，地球资源遭到的破坏也一年比一年严峻。这些问题极为严峻，不过许多专家认为情况还没有到令人无望的地步。要解决它们就需要我们对农业、食品和整个地球的看法做出重大改变。
2 首先，世界各地的农民都必须研究开发对环境破坏性较小
的耕作模式。重要的一步是把单一作物改为多种作物混合耕种。种植多种作物能改善土壤，有助于防止水土流失。通过植树来保护耕地不受风害也能防止水土流失。农民改善土壤的另一个办法是幸免深耕。实际上，如果方法得当，只需浅耕即可。
3 只要土地耕作比较得当，农民就没有必要使用化肥，而可以使用天然的动植物肥料。多种作物混合耕种后，就能少用有毒的化学杀虫剂。农民还可以用生物手段操纵病虫害。
4 农民还能帮助节约地球上宝XX的水资源和石油资源。为了节约水，农民可以多种节水型作物以取代常规的小麦和玉米。还可以使用更为节水的灌溉系统。为了节约石油，他们可以利用生物气发电机。生物气发电机的燃料由农场上的蔬菜和动物的垃圾和粪便提供。在欠发达的GJ里，生物气发电机能减少对木柴的需求，从而也有助于保护森林。
5 在欠发达的GJ里，小农场主们需要帮助。他们需要掌握更能适应当地条件的作物的有关知识。他们需要掌握怎样操纵水土流失和最充分利用自己的资源。不进行土地和经济改革，这些农场主永远不会成功。这种改革应该是各国政府和国际机构的目标。目前施行的这些工业和经济作物政策只是把事情弄得更糟。
6 工业化GJ可以用他们的经济资源帮助促成这些变化。他们还可以对自己的政策作些改变。目前，这些GJ因为政治原因而浪费了很多食品。在欧洲和北美每年都有成吨成吨的水果和奶制品被扔掉。这些GJ
的饮食习惯也可作些改变。例如，人们常
吃那些来自遥远地方的东西，而不吃本地产的。进口食品的运输加重了全球的污染问题。工业化GJ的人们还食用大量的肉类，尤其是牛肉。事实上，这些GJ所生产的粮食有很大一部分是用来喂牛的。假如这些GJ的人们少吃些肉，就会有更多的粮食提供给世界上正在挨饿的人们。
7 理想的农业体系应当是可持续性的，也就是说，其生产力水平能长期保持下去而对环境的破坏却小得多。这是一场必须打胜的战斗，因为无论是对农民还是对农产品消费者而言，这场战斗只有赢者。
Dirying nd Diry Products
When did people begin using milk from nimls? Probbly bout the time they begn domesticting nimls - some 8,000 to 10,000 yers go. Met ws certinly the most importnt food first provided by domesticted nimls. But the milk of cttle, gots, sheep, or other nimls lso becme prt of people's diets. s griculture developed, milk nd other diry products, such s butter, cheese, nd yogurt, becme more nd more importnt in the diet of humn beings.
For mny thousnds of yers, lrge percentge of the popultion ws engged in griculture. Fmilies commonly kept few gots, cows, or sheep on their frms to provide fresh milk nd other diry products. With the coming of the