专题练习一
A
(2017·山西省大同市灵丘县模拟)
The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military book __1__(date) from the 5th century BC.__2__ (write) by the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu (“Master Sun”，also spelled Sunzi), the book consists of 13 chapters, each of __3__ is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is__4__ (common) thought of __5__    a great work on military strategy and tactics(战术). It __6__ (place) at the head of China's Seven Military Classics in 1080 by Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty , __7__ it has long been the most influential strategy text in East Asia. It has had__8__  influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond.
Its first complete English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. __9__ (leader) such as Mao Zedong, General Vo Nguyen Giap, General Douglas MacArthur and so on have drawn__10__ (inspire) from the work.
答案与解析
文章介绍了“孙子兵法”这本中国古代杰出的军事作品，以及对后人的影响。
1．dating　考查非谓语动词。此处dating from是现在分词短语作定语，修饰book。
2．Written　考查非谓语动词。分析句式可知，write和句子主语the book 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式表示被动。
3．which　考查关系代词。根据句式可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为13 chapters，所以用which。
4．commonly　考查副词。此处用副词来修饰as短语，句意为普遍被认为是……。
5．as　考查介词。结合4题可知，as为固定短语，把……当做是……。
6．was placed　考查被动语态。根据句式可知，这本书被放置在……。place和the book之间是被动结构。
7．and　考查连接词。分析句式可知，and此处连接两个并列句。
8．an　考查冠词。此处考查固定短语，have an influence on意思是对…产生影响。
9．Leaders　考查名词。根据后面的“Mao Zedong，General Vo Nguyen Giap，General Douglas”可知，这些人都是领导者。
10．inspiration　考查名词。句意为像等伟大的领袖都从书中获得激励和鼓舞。
B
(2017·湖北省华中师大联盟)
Chinese kung fu, also known as wushu or Chinese martial arts, is one of the most well­known examples of traditional Chinese culture. It is __1__ (probable)one of the earliest and longest __2__ (last)sports which uses both muscles and brain.
reportedThe theory of kung fu is based __3__classical Chinese philosophy(哲学). Over its long history it __4__ (develop) as a unique combination of exercise, practical self­defense,self­discipline, and art.
It is estimated that Chinese kung fu dates back to primitive society. At that time people used sticks __5__ (fight) against wild beasts. Gradually they __6__ (accumulate) experience in self defense.
Chinese kung fu is a large system of theory and practice. It combines __7__(technique) of self­defense and health­keeping.
In Chinese kung fu, however, a __8__ (different) is made between “external(外家的)”and “internal”kung fu. __9__is said that “In external kung fu, you exercise your tendons, bones, and skin; in internal kung fu, you train your spirit, your qi, and your mind.”And so internal kung fu can continue later in life, __10__ the external body weakens.
答案与解析
1．probably　考查副词。句意：中国功夫可能是同时使用肌肉和大脑的持久性运动中最早的以及历史最悠久的运动之一。这里用副词修饰句子，故用probably。
2．lasting　考查形容词。这里用现在分词作定语，相当于形容词。lasting持久的，lasting sports持久性运动。故这里用lasting。
3．on/upon　考查固定搭配。句意：武术的理论基于中国古典哲学。be based on/upon 以……为基础。故这里用on/upon。
4．has developed　考查现在完成时。句意：经过一段很长的历史，武术已经发展成为一项运动，自卫、自律和艺术于一体的独特运动。根据句意可知，这里要用现在完成时，故用has developed。
5．to fight　考查不定式。句意：那时人们用木棍来抵御野兽。用不定式表示目的，用to fight。
6．accumulated　句意：他们逐渐在自卫中积累经验。根据上下文可知，这里是在叙述原始社会的事情，故用一般过去式的accumulated。
7．techniques　考查可数名词复数。句意：它结合了自卫和养生的技术。self­defense和health­keeping是两个方面的技术，故用techniques。
8．difference　句意：然而，中国功夫有“外家”和“内家”之分。不定冠词a后接名词形式的difference。
9．It　考查形式主语。这里用it做本句的形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句意：据说，外家功夫练习的是肌腱、骨骼、皮肤；内家功夫练习的是精、气、神。故这里用It。
10．when　考查连词。句意：因此当外在身体变弱时，内家功夫能在后来的时间里继续。根据句意可知这里用when。
C
(2017·湖南三湘名校联考)
Overweight children and teenagers aged between 5 and 18 in the China mainland __1__ (reach) 8.5 million in 2025, a number __2__ surpasses (超过) the population of Spain, a study said.
According to the study, among the obese Chinese youth, millions of them __3__ (report) to suffer from all kinds of diseases. It also stated that in all there would be 268 million overweight schoolaged children worldwide by 2025, __4__(include) 91 million obese children, if no effective __5__ (measure) could be taken to stop the existing trends. Inactivity and the consumption of junk food and soda drink contributed __6__ the growing number of overweight __7__ (young) in the world. __8__ (respond) to the increase of obese children in China, the State Council released a guideline this year. The guideline aimed to prevent more children from becoming obese and it urged that the local government in China __9__ (strength) the training of medical staff around children's health and promote knowledge of __10__ (balance) eating and drinking habits among their parents.
答案与解析
本文为新闻报道。中国肥胖青少年人数在迅速增长，今年国务院发布了一个指导性文件以防止肥胖人数的增多。
1．will reach　根据时间状语in 2025可知设空处需用一般将来时，
故设空处填will reach。
2．that/which　此处为定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词指“物”，故填that或which。
3．were reported　根据下句中stated(一般过去时)，可推知本句需用一般过去时。主语与report之间为被动关系，故填were reported。
4．including　根据句意可知，此处意为“包括”，故填including。
5．measures　设空处在句中作主语，measure(措施)在本句中应为复数概念，故填measures。
6．to　contribute to为固定短语，意为：导致。
7．youth　根据本句中的介词of可知设空处应为名词且表示“人”。youth在表示“年轻人的总称”讲时，为不可数名词，故填youth。
8．To respond　设空处在句中作目的状语，故设空处填To respond。
9．(should) strengthen　在“urge＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词需用should＋动词原形，且should可以省略。该用法属于虚拟语气用法。
10．balanced　本题考查非谓语动词作定语。设空处作定语，修饰habit，且设空处表示状态，故填过去分词balanced。
D
(2017·山东省山师大附中模拟)
Nowadays Senior 3 students are general faced with a lot of pressure, which is rather common. To reduce it, the followed suggestions may help. First of all, know exactly what lead to your pressure, and then you can take measures to deal with it. Secondly, set up a goal what is not too high, in another words, don't put too much pressure on yourself. Thirdly, find a way to relax you occasionally. For example, you can listen to music, go