2018年12月大学英语四级考试精编解析
(第三套)
Part Ⅰ Writing
范文
The Challenges of Starting a Career After Graduation
The recent years have witnessed a sharp rise in the number of college students who successfully start their careers after graduation. However, many others fail to do so because the transition from a student to an employee is actually full of challenges
First of all, you might not be popular with every colleague, which is frustrating for a newcomer of the workplace. So you’d better try to make a good impression on all of your workmates, especially your boss. Furthermore, there probably is a gap between what you learned at school and what you are acquired to do at work. You have to learn quickly and avoid making too many stupid mistakes. Finally, you may find you are always on a tight budget because of the low salary for a new graduate and all kinds of living expenses, which make it difficult to make the ends meet.
As the old proverb goes, “Well begun is half gone.” If you can handle these challenges skillfully after graduation, you will clear the path for further career development, either job promotion or starting your own business. So hang on and never give up!
Part II Listening Comprehension
说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III  Reading Comprehension
Section A
答案解析
动词形容词名词副词
A) deepen加强C) hesitant犹豫的F) licenses许
可
B) experiences经历，体验G) pressured有压力
的
I) remedies药
物
D) inconvenience添麻烦J) scared害怕……的
E) lessen减少，降低K) sensitive敏感的
H) recommended推荐M) temporary暂时
的
L) sink下沉，沉没O) worse病情更重
的
N) tremble颤抖
26.答案I  remedies
解析名词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入名词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：不管我尝试了多少种不同的药，我还是无法摆脱咳嗽的状况。remedies（药物）符合句意。故答案为I。
27.答案  D  inconvenience
解析动词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入动词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：这不仅给我的教学带来了不便，同时也影响了我的整个生活。inconvenience（添麻烦）符合句意。故答案为D。
28.答案H  recommended
解析动词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入动词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：我的一个学生到我，向我推荐了传统中医。recommended（推荐）符合句意。故答案为H。
29. 答案  C  hesitant
解析形容词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入形容词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：我很犹豫，因为我对中医知之甚少。hesitant（犹豫的）符合句意。故答案为C。
30.答案O  worse
解析形容词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入形容词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：终于，我的咳嗽变得更加严重，以至于我晚上无法入睡。worse （病情更重的）符合句意。故答案为O。
31.答案  B  experiences
解析名词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入名词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：这对我而言是全新的体验，因为在西医中从未有过这些方法。experiences（经历）符合句意。故答案为B。
32.答案J  scared
解析形容词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入形容词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：我一开始有点儿害怕，因为他用一种边缘光滑的工具刮我颈部和肩膀的皮肤。scared（害怕……的）符合句意。故答案为J。
33.答案G  pressured
解析形容词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入形容词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：几分钟后，这种有力的按压开始产生一种让人放松的效果。pressured（有压力的）符合句意。故答案为G。
34.答案L  sink
解析动词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入动词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：我的身心都开始深深沉浸在一种放松状态中。sink（下沉，沉没）符
合句意。故答案为L。
35.答案  E  lessen
解析动词辨析题。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填入动词。联系上下文可以推断出，空格所在句大意为：定期去医生那里几次后，我的咳嗽开始减轻了。lessen（减少，降低）符合句意。故答案为E。
Section B
答案解析
答案36-45 FCLEA NMDKH
36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.
定位[F] They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn’t report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.
解析细节辨认题。定位到F段最后一句。定位句提到了最早的对五秒法则的研究报
告，报告指出，细菌在五秒之内从地砖转移到了饼干上。故答案为F。
37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.
定位[C] It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.
解析同义转述题。定位到C段第三句。定位句指出，这(指食物是否被污染)取决于有多少细菌会在几秒内从地上到达食物上以及地面到底有多脏。题干是对定位句的同义转述。故答案为C。
38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.
3tiles
定位[L] And it’s not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.
解析细节归纳题。定位到L段第一句。定位句指出，也不是仅仅把食物掉在地上就会引起细菌污染。L段接下来的内容指出，细菌会由不同的“媒介”携带，包括生的食物、细菌曾经停留的潮湿表面、我们的双手和皮肤，以及咳嗽或打喷嚏。题干是对定位段的概括归纳。故答案为L。
39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.
定位[E] It’s harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.
解析同义转述题。定位到E段最后一句。定位句指出，一项2003年的研究报告指出，女性比男性更有可能吃掉在地上的食物。题干是对定位句的同义转述。故答案为E。
40. The author’s research centers around how food gets contaminated.
定位[A] Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we’ve done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.
解析细节辨认题。定位到A段最后一句。定位句指出，“我”的实验室的调查主要关注食物是如何被污染的。故答案为A。
41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.
定位[N] Research or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.
解析同义转述题。定位到N段。定位句指出，研究或常识告诉我们，最好的方法是保持你的双手、器皿和其他表面的清洁。题干是对定位句的同义转述。故答案为N。
42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.
定位[M] So the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick.
解析同义转述题。定位到M段第一句。定位句指出，所以下次当你考虑吃掉在地上的食物时，对你有利的可能性是吃掉它后你也不会生病。题干是对定位句的同义转述。故答案为M。
43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.
定位[D] Wondering if food is still OK to eat after it’s dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience.
解析同义转述题。定位到D段第一句。定位句指出，想知道食物在掉落在地上之后是否还可以食用是一个很常见的经历。题干是对定位句的同义转述。故答案为D。
44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.
定位[K] Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems.
解析细节归纳题。定位到K段第三、四句。定位句指出，某些类型的细菌是非常有害的，只需要一点点就可以让你生病。且举例说明，一种特别致命的菌中的10个甚至更少的量就能导致免疫系统受损的人患严重疾病或死亡。题干是对定位段的概括归纳。故答案为K。
45. Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.