Q H04
中国石墨烯产业技术创新战略联盟标准
Q/LM01CGS001-2013
石墨烯材料的名词术语和定义
Definitions and Terminologies of Graphene Materials
中国石墨烯产业技术创新战略联盟发布
前言
本标准按照GB/T 1.1-2009《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准的结构和编写》的规定编制。
请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构、备案机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。
本标准由中国石墨烯产业技术创新战略联盟提出。editorial material是什么类型的论文
本标准主要起草单位：中国科学院金属研究所、东南大学、泰州石墨烯研究及检测平台、中国科学院半导体研究所、泰州巨纳新能源有限公司。
本标准参与起草单位：中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所、伟星集团有限公司。
本标准主要起草人：倪振华、任文才、梁铮、谭平恒。
本标准参与起草人：曾尤、孙东明、孙立涛、陈成猛、陆国强。
本标准于2014年1月首次发布。
石墨烯材料的名词术语和定义
1 范围
本标准规定了石墨烯材料的名词术语和定义等。
本标准适用于石墨烯材料的生产、应用、检验、流通、科研等领域，作为统一技术用语的依据。
2定义
2.1 单层石墨烯  Graphene
单层石墨烯是指由一层以苯环结构（即六角形蜂巢结构）周期性紧密堆积的碳原子构成的一种二维碳材料。
注1：英文参考：
1）Graphene is the name given to a single layer of carbon atoms densely packed into a benzene-ring structure, and is widely used to describe properties of many carbon-based materials, including graphite, large fullerenes, nanotubes, etc. (Novoselov et al., Science 306, 666, 2004.)。
2）A single carbon layer of the graphitic structure can be considered as the final member of this series and the term graphene should therefore be used to designate the individual (Boehm et al., Pure and Applied Chemistry 66, 1893, 1994.)。
3）Graphene - a single-atom-thick sheet of hexagonally arranged, sp2-bonded carbon atoms that is not an integral part of a carbon material, but is freely suspended or adhered on a foreign substrate. The lateral dimensions of graphene can vary from several nanometers to the macroscale. (The international editorial team, Carbon 65,1,2013.)。
2.2 双层石墨烯  Bilayer (or double-layer) graphene
双层石墨烯是指由两层以苯环结构（即六角形蜂巢结构）周期性紧密堆积的碳原子层以不同堆垛方式(包括AB堆垛，AA堆垛，AA’堆垛等)堆垛构成的一种二维碳材料。
注2：英文参考：
1）Bilayer graphene exhibits an equally This allows single-, double- and few- (3 to <10) layer graphene to be distinguished as three different types of 2D crystals (‘graphenes’). (Geim and Novoselov, Nature Materials 6, 183, 2007.)。
2）Controlling the electronic structure of bilayer graphene. (Ohta et al., Science 313, 951, 2006.)。
2.3 少层石墨烯  Few-layer (or multi-layer) graphene
少层石墨烯是指由3-10层以苯环结构（即六角形蜂巢结构）周期性紧密堆积的碳原子层以不同堆垛方式（包括ABC堆垛，ABA堆垛等）堆垛构成的一种二维碳材料。
注3：英文参考：
1) This allows single-, double- and few- (3 to <10) layer graphene to be distinguished as three different types of 2D crystals (‘graphenes’). (Geim and Novoselov, Nature Materials 6, 183, 2007.)。
2)Multi-layer graphene(MLG) - a 2D (sheet-like) material, either as a free-standing flake or substrate-bound coating, consisting of a small number (between 2 and about 10) of well-defined, countable, stacked graphene layers of extended lateral dimension.(The international editorial team, Carbon 65,1,2013.)。
注4：本章2.3条中10层的分界源于由10层单层石墨烯所构成的材料其电子能带结构已经逼近其三维极限。
英文参考：
It was shown that the electronic structure rapidly evolves with the number of layers, approaching the 3D limit of graphite at 10 layers. (Geim and Novoselov, Nature Materials 6, 183, 2007.)。
2.4 石墨烯  Graphenes
石墨烯是一种二维碳材料，是本章2.1-2.3条中所定义的单层石墨烯、双层石墨烯和少层石墨烯的统称。
注5：英文参考：
This allows single-, double- and few- (3 to <10) layer graphene to be distinguished as three different types of 2D crystals (‘graphenes’). (Geim and Novoselov, Nature Materials 6, 183, 2007.)。
2.5 单层氧化石墨烯  Graphene oxide
单层氧化石墨烯是指在单层石墨烯的表面和边界连接有含氧官能团（基团）的一种二维碳材料。
注6：英文参考：
1）Graphite oxide is a layered material consisting of hydrophilic oxygenated graphene sheets (graphene oxide sheets) bearing oxygen functional groups on their basal planes and edges. (Dikin, Ruoff et al., Nature 448, 457 (2007).) 。
2）Graphene oxide contains a range of reactive oxygen functional groups, which renders it a good candidate for use in the aforementioned applications (among others) through chemical functionalizations. (Dreyer, Ruoff et al., Chemical Society Reviews 39, 228, 2010.) 。
2.6 氧化石墨烯  Oxide of graphenes
氧化石墨烯是指在石墨烯中至少有一个碳原子层的表面和边界连接有含氧官能团（基团）的一种二维碳材料。氧化石墨烯包括本章2.5条中所定义的单层氧化石墨烯。
2.7 单层还原氧化石墨烯  Reduced graphene oxide
单层还原氧化石墨烯是指（通过化学或热处理等方法）不完全去除单层氧化石墨烯中的含氧官能团（基团）后得到的一种二维碳材料。
注7：英文参考：
1）Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material. (Eda et al., Nature Nanotechnology 3, 270, 2008.) 。
2）Elemental analysis (atomic C/O ratio, ~10) of the reduced graphene oxides measured by combustion revealed the existence of a significant amount of oxygen, indicating that reduced graphene oxide is not the same as pristine graphene. (Park, Ruoff et al., Nature Nanotechnology 4, 217, 2009.) 。
2.8 还原氧化石墨烯  Reduced oxide of graphenes
还原氧化石墨烯是指（通过化学或热处理等方法）不完全去除氧化石墨烯中的含氧官能团（基团）后得到的一种二维碳材料。还原氧化石墨烯包括本章2.7条中所定义的单层还原氧化石墨烯。
2.9 功能化石墨烯  Functionalized graphenes
功能化石墨烯是指在石墨烯中含有异质原子/分子（如氢、氟、含氧基团等表面修饰成键，氮、硼等元素替位掺杂, 异质原子/分子插层等）的一种二维碳材料。功能化石墨烯包括本章2.6和2.8条中所定义的氧化石墨烯以及还原氧化石墨烯。
注8：英文参考：
We have shown that rapid thermal expansion of completely oxidized graphite oxide produces a high-surface-area carbon material consisting of functionalized graphene sheets. (Ramanathan, Ruoff et al., Nature Nanotechnology 3, 327, 2008.) 。
2.10 石墨烯材料  Graphene materials
石墨烯材料泛指与石墨烯相关的、不多于10个碳原子层的二维碳材料。石墨烯材料包括本章2.1-2.9
条中所定义的单层石墨烯、双层石墨烯、少层石墨烯、石墨烯、单层氧化石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、单层还原氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯以及功能化石墨烯。
注9：英文参考：
Graphene materials are the overarching terms for the collection of 2D materials defined above that con
tain the word “graphene”, including multilayered materials (N less than about 10), chemically modified forms (GO, rGO), and materials made using graphene, graphene oxide, or another graphene material as a precursor. (The international editorial team, Carbon 65,1,2013.碳材料领域权威国际期刊《Carbon》的国际编辑团队（包含来自法国、中国、日本、美国、韩国、西班牙等6个国家、长期从事碳材料基础和应用研究的11位编辑Alberto Bianco, Hui-Ming Cheng, Toshiaki Enoki,Yury Gogotsi, Robert H. Hurt, Nikhil Koratkar, Takashi Kyotani, Marc Monthioux, Chong Rae Park, Juan M.D. Tascon, Jin Zhang）2013年发表的关于石墨烯材料定义的论文。