名词
1. 名词的数
不可数名词的数:
不可数名词通常没有复数形式,但可以借助量词来表示一定
editor的名词和动词形式的数量。
two pieces of paper / three cups of tea
常见的不可数名词:
1)流体:air / smoke / water / oil / ink / rain / tea / wine / beer / coffee / juice
2)物质:paper / glass / wood / dust / gold / fruit
meat / beef / rice / sand / furniture / sugar
3)抽象名词:health / friendship / luck / work / news / information / love
4)学科:physics / chemistry / maths / history / geography English / biology
2. 名词所有格
的形式,二名词的所有格有两种形式:一是在名词后面加’s
是在介词of后加上名词的形式。前者多用于构成表示有生命
的东西的名词的所有格,后者多用于构成表示没有生命的东
西的所有格。
’s
所有格的构成
①普通单数名词:the boy’s teacher
②词尾已有-s的复数名词:the teachers’ reading-room
③复合名词:the editor-in-chief’s office
④表示几个词共同的所有关系:Mary and Tom’s bag
⑤表示几个词各自的所有关系:Mary’s and Tom’s bags
注意:
属格可以构成表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格:
1)’s
a) 表时间:a week’s time / a month’s salary
b) 表距离:ten miles’ distance
c) 表度量衡即价值:two pounds’ weight
d) 表国家、城市、国际组织、地理名词:China’s population /
the sun’s ray
属格
双重属格:of + ’s
A friend of my brother
some children of Mr. Brown’s
难点:双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。
名词考点归类
1. a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语时,谓语动词
用复数;“the of +复数名词”意为“……的数目”,作主语时,
谓语动词用单数。如:
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
2. 不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语,谓语动词
用单数形式。如:
Remembering /To remember English words is not easy.
Who will do the job hasn’t been decided yet.
3. “名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than,
rather than等引起的短语”作主语时,谓语动词与前面的名
词或代词的数一致。如:
Mr. Li together with his two sons has gone to the cinema.
No one except the two boys was late for class.
4. 当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语,把它
看作一个整体时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:
Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee.
连接
5. 主语由or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 时,谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。
Not only you but also I am wrong.
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.
Either you or she is to do the work.
6. 当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整
的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词) ,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The teacher and writer has come.
(The teacher and the writer have come. 那个教师和那个作家都到来了。)
The bread and butter is a daily food in the West.
A knife and fork is on the table.
7. 某些集体名词,如committee, family, audience, class, club, company, crew, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就
其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My family are all fond of going to the cinema.
The family is rather big, with twelve people in all.
8. 注意:people, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The police have come to arrest him.
冠词
1. 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词有两个  a / an。a用在辅音开头的可数名词单数前面;an用于以元音(不是元音字母)开头的可数名词单数之
前。a cake / an apple / half an hour
1) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词前表示“某一个”,不限定的或首次提到的人或物。
I bought a horse yesterday.
2) 不定冠词用在单数可数名词之前,表示“任何,每个”。
A car must be insured.
3) 不定冠词用于某些固定短语中。
have a try / take a break / have a good idea
make a living / as a matter of fact / in a word
2. 定冠词的用法
1) 定冠词和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。Mother carved the meat into slices.
2) 定冠词用于可数名词前,表示一类人或东西。
The horse is a useful animal.
3) 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词前。
I got a letter yesterday. The letter was from my sister.
4) 定冠词用于某些名词或形容词前,表示一类人,一个民族,阶级或阶层。
the Chinese / the rich
注意:这类结构作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。
5) 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。
the sun / the earth / the world
6) 定冠词用于序数词前表示顺序。
the third group
7) 定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
8) 定冠词在play后和乐器连用。
Play the piano / play the flute
9) 定冠词与姓氏的复数形式连用,表示一家人。
The blacks came to China in 1994
10) 由普通名词构成的专有名词。
The Changjiang River / the red sea
11) 在表示发明物的名词前面。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
3. 不用冠词的情况
1) 表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。
play football / play chess
2) 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。
Have breakfast / lunch / supper
3) 交通工具名词前不用冠词。
by car / by ship / by plane / on foot
4) 在一些地点名词,如bed / church / school / hospital / home / work等,当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事时,不
加冠词。
go home / go to school / go to church / in hospital /
go to work
4. 泛指概念的四种表达方式
1) 不带the的不可数名词可以表示泛指。
I like music.
2) 不带the的复数可数名词表示泛指。
Bananas are yellow.
单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。
3) “the +
The elephant is the largest land mammal.
不定冠词a / an + 单数可数名词”可以表示泛指。
4) “
A dog makes good pet.
代词
考点1 人称代词,物主代词的常用考点:
1. 在名词双重所有格里的物主代词用法: