每天⼀个Linux命令（13）less命令
less命令的作⽤与more⼗分相似，都可以⽤来浏览⽂字档案的内容，不同的是less命令允许⽤户向前或向后浏览⽂件，⽽more命令只能向前浏览。
⽤less命令显⽰⽂件时，⽤PageUp键向上翻页，⽤PageDown键向下翻页。要退出less程序，应按Q键。
(1)⽤法:
⽤法: less [选项参数] [⽂件参数]
(2)功能:
功能: less 与more命令类似，但可以通过翻页键查看上下页的内容
(3)选项参数:
1) -e: ⽂件内容显⽰完毕后，⾃动退出
2) -f: 强制显⽰⽂件
3) -g: 不加亮显⽰搜索到的所有关键词，仅显⽰当前显⽰的关键字，以提⾼显⽰速度
4) -l: 搜索时忽略⼤⼩写的差异
5) -N: 每⼀⾏⾏⾸显⽰⾏号
6) -s: 将连续多个空⾏压缩成⼀⾏显⽰
linux换行按哪个键 7) -S: 在单⾏显⽰较长的内容，⽽不换⾏显⽰
8) -x<；数字>: 将TAB字符显⽰为指定个数的空格字符。
(4)实例:
1)[root@localhost Documents]# less less_text 在另⼀个进程页⾯中显⽰⽂本内容，按q键退出
[root@localhost Documents]# mv more_text1 less_text //将more_text1改名为less_text
[root@localhost Documents]# ll
总⽤量4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 5⽉907:59 less_text
[root@localhost Documents]# cat less_text //在当前终端中显⽰(和less命令显⽰的效果还是有差别的)
[root@localhost Documents]# less less_text //在另⼀个页⾯中显⽰⽂本
I am studing orders of Linux!
I am trying to write as many as lines of text!
No matter how low you consider yourself,
there is always someone looking behind you,
hoping that they were that high!
Something you want keep all the time,always you will lose!
Never forget to say "thanks"!
Hppay today,also,prepared for happiness in the future!
Don't aim your success if you want it,just do what you love and believe and finally you will success!
Maybe you can be laze man like a pig,but you can't feel free as it!
I am a college school student!
I am planning to live and work in hangzhou or guangzhou!
I am from hefei anhui!
Enough,I have write too many words!
(END)
2)[root@localhost Documents]# ps -ef |less 显⽰已有进程信息
ID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 10000:16 ? 00:00:10 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 24
root 20000:16 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 32000:16 ? 00:00:03 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 52000:16 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 72000:16 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 82000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root 92000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/0]
root 102000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/1]
root 112000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/2]
root 122000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/3]
root 132000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/4]
root 142000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/5]
root 152000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/6]
root 162000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/7]
root 172000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/8]
root 182000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/9]
root 192000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/10]
root 202000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/11]
root 212000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/12]
root 222000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/13]
root 232000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/14]
root 242000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/15]
root 252000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/16]
root 262000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/17]
root 272000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/18]
root 282000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/19]
root 292000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/20]
root 302000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/21]
root 312000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/22]
root 322000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/23]
root 332000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/24]
root 342000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/25]
root 352000:16 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/26]
:
.
......//还有很多没有显⽰
3)[root@localhost Documents]# history | less 显⽰历史输⼊的进程信息
1 touch touch_test /home/sunjimeng/Document
2 cd /home/sunjimeng/Document
3 ll
4 cd /
5 touch touch_text /home/sunjimeng/Document/touch_test
6 cd /home/sunjimeng/Document
7 ll
8 rm touch_test
9 cd /
10 ls -l /home/sunjimeng/Document
11 touch /home/sunjimeng/Document/touch_test_file
12 cd home/sunjimeng/Document
13 ll
14 touch touch_test_file
15 ll
16 touch -t 06061806 touch_test_file
17 ll
18 touch touch_test_file
19 ll
20 touch -t 06061806 touch_test_file
21 ll
22 touch touch_test_file2
23 ll
24 touch -r touch_testfile touch_test_tile2
25 touch -r touch_test_file touch_test_file2
26 ll
27 touch -d "10 day ago" touch_test_file2
28 ll
29 touch -r touch_test_file touch_test_file2
30 ll
31 touch -d "10 days ago" touch_test_file2
32 ll
33 touch "10 days ago" touch_test_file
34 ll
:
4)[root@localhost Documents]# less less1 less2 查看多个⽂件（怎么切换下⼀个还不清楚）root@localhost Documents]# cat >less1 <<EOF
> Lost means Get!
>
> No losing No getting!
>
> End!
> EOF
[root@localhost Documents]# cat >less2 <<EOF
> If you want keep,you always lose!
>
> Certainly It is!
> End!
> EOF
[root@localhost Documents]# ll
总⽤量12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45 5⽉908:15 less1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 57 5⽉908:16 less2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 5⽉907:59 less_text
[root@localhost Documents]# less less1 less2
Lost means Get!
No losing No getting!
End!
less1 (file 1 of 2) (END) - Next: less2
5)[sunjimeng@localhost ~]$ netstat -tpnl |less 在另⼀个进程页⾯中分页显⽰信息，这⾥显⽰的是⽹络信息[sunjimeng@localhost ~]$ netstat -tpnl |less
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 000.0.0.0:220.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 00127.0.0.1:6310.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 00127.0.0.1:250.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 00 :::22 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 00 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 00 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN -
(5)其他:
1.全屏导航
ctrl + F - 向前移动⼀屏
ctrl + B - 向后移动⼀屏
ctrl + D - 向前移动半屏
ctrl + U - 向后移动半屏
2.单⾏导航
j - 向前移动⼀⾏
k - 向后移动⼀⾏
3.其它导航
G - 移动到最后⼀⾏
g - 移动到第⼀⾏
q / ZZ - 退出 less 命令
4.其它有⽤的命令
v - 使⽤配置的编辑器编辑当前⽂件
h - 显⽰ less 的帮助⽂档
&pattern - 仅显⽰匹配模式的⾏，⽽不是整个⽂件
5.标记导航
当使⽤ less 查看⼤⽂件时，可以在任何⼀个位置作标记，可以通过命令导航到标有特定标记的⽂本位置： ma - 使⽤ a 标记⽂本的当前位置
'a - 导航到标记 a 处
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