New Words
  transcend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）
  incessantly adj. non-stop 不停地；持续不断地
  noisily adv. in the way of making a lot of noise 喧闹地
  subtly adv. in the way that is not very noticeable or obvious 不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地
  enormity n. the very great size, effect, etc. of something; the fact of something being very serious 巨大；深远影响；严重性
  burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务、责任等的）重担，负担
  belief n. a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right 相信；信心
  unique adj. being the only one of its kind; very special or unusual 唯一的；独一无二的；独特的
  affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 折磨；痛苦
  especially adv. more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circ
umstances than in others 尤其；特别；格外
  tribe n. （in developing countries） a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc. living in a particular area and often led by a chief 部落
  species n. a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属）
  discipline n. the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live, work, etc. 自制力；遵守纪律
  confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境）
  evoke v. to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）
  grief n. a feeling of great sadness, especially when somebody dies （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心
  guilt n. the unhappy feelings caused by knowing or thinking that you have done somethin
g wrong 内疚；悔恨
  anxiety n. the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to happen 焦虑；忧虑
  anguish n. severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness 剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼
  despair n. the feeling of having lost all hope 绝望
  uncomfortable adj. anxious, embarrassed or afraid and unable to relax （使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的
  physical adj. connected with a person's body rather than their mind 身体的；肉体的；躯体的
  equal adj. to be as good as something else or do something to the same standard as somebody else 比得上；敌得过
  conflict n. a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument 冲突；争执；争论
  engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）
  pose v. to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt with 造成（威胁、问题等）；
引起；产生
  distinguish v. to recognize the difference between two people or things 区分；辨别；分清
  wisdom n. the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have 智慧；才智；精明
  mentally adv. connected with or happening in the mind 精神上；智力上；思想上
  spiritually adv. in the way that is connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical things 精神上；心灵上
  desire n. to want something; to wish for something 渴望；期望
  deliberately adv. done in a way that was planned, not by chance 故意；蓄意；存心
  instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导
  dread v. to be very afraid of something; to fear that something bad is going to happen 非常害怕；极为担心
  Phrases and Expressions
  moan about to complain about something in a way that other people find annoying 抱怨
  a series of several events or things of a similar kind that happen one after the other 一系列；连续
  because of for the reason of 因为
  as well as in addition to somebody/something; too 除…之外
  cutting edge the newest, most advanced stage in the development of something （处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段
  call forth to produce a particular reaction 引起；使产生
  重点词汇
  transcend v. to be or go beyond the usual limits of something 超出，超越（通常的界限）
  eg: Such matters transcend man's knowledge, i.e. we cannot know about them. 这些问题人类是无法了解的。
  衍生
  transcendent adj. extremely great; supreme 卓越的；至高无上的
  eg: a writer of transcendent genius 杰出的天才作家
  burden n. a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work （义务、责
任等的）重担，负担
  eg: bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden 负有/负起/肩负/重担
  affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 折磨；痛苦
  eg: help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人
  衍生
  afflict v. [usu. passive 通常用於被动语态]
  ~ sb./sth. （with sth.） cause trouble, pain or distress to sb./sth. 使某人/某物苦恼﹑ 疼痛或悲痛
  eg: She is afflicted with （i.e. suffers from） arthritis. 她患关节炎。
  Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的干旱使乡村深受其害。
  构词
  词根 flict = to strike 打击
  afflict v. 折磨
  affliction n. 痛苦
  conflict n. 冲突
  inflict v. 使遭受
  infliction n. 痛苦
  species n. a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name 种，物种（分类上小于属）
  eg: pandas and other endangered species 熊猫和其他濒危物种
  confront v. to deal with a problem or difficult situation 处理，解决（问题或困境）
  be confronted with sth.
  eg: Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice. 顾客面临众多选择。
  衍生
  confrontation n. （instance of） angry opposition 对抗；对抗的事物
  eg: a confrontation between the government and the unions 政府与工会之间的对抗
  instruct v. to teach somebody something, or show them how to do something 教授；指导
  ~ sb. （in sth.）
  eg: instruct a class （in history） 教某班级（历史）
burden是什么意思  衍生
  instructor n. person who instructs; trainer 教员；教练；指导员
  eg: a driving instructor 驾驶教练
  instruction n. ~ （in sth.） process of teaching; knowledge or teaching given （对知识的）教授，传授；（传授的）知识；教导
  eg: In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering. 在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。
  构词
  词根 struct = to build 建造，建立
  structure n. 构造，结构
  construct v. 建设
  construction n. 建设
  destruction n. 毁灭
  destructive adj. 有破坏力的
  instruct v. 指导
  instruction n. 教导
  superstructure n. 上层建筑
1）陈述句做成分，在其前加引导词that。
陈述句 English is important.
That English is important is an undoubted fact.
主语从句
I know that English is important.
宾语从句
My idea is that English is important.
表语从句
I hold the opinion that English is important.
同位语从句
  2）一般疑问句做成分，在其加引导词whether, 并变倒装语序为正装语序。
一般疑问句 Will he come to my party?
Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.
主语从句
I don't know whether/if he will come to my party.
宾语从句
My question is whether he will come to my party.
表语从句
I have a question whether he will come to my party.
同位语从句
  3）特殊疑问句做成分，倒装变正装即可。
特殊疑问句 What should we do?
What we should do is to work hard at English.
主语从句
I don't know what we should do
宾语从句
To hold our dream is what we should do.
表语从句
There is a question what we should do.
同位语从句
3.课文里出现的名词从句
  1）Once we truly know that life is difficult — once we truly understand and accept it — then life is no longer difficult.
  2）Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.
  3）Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.
  4）They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species,
and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.
  5）What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one.
  （二）强调句
  1.结构： It is + 被强调的部分 + that + 句子的其他部分
  "Helen bought the car from Tom." "No, it was Tom that bought the car from Helen."
  "Helen bought her car last year." "No, it was two years ago that Helen bought the car."
  "Helen bough her car from Bob.""No, it was Tom that Helen bought the car from."
  2.课文里出现的强调句
  1）Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure.
  2）It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually.
  3）It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.
Section A
  Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets.
  1. Angela wished she could think of some words of ________ for her friend, but her mind was a complete blank. （wise, wisdom）
【正确答案】wisdom
【答案解析】首先判断介词of后应填入名词形式。wise 形容词，意思是“聪明的、明智的”；wisdom 名词，意思是“智慧”。words of wisdom 可以理解为“智慧箴言”。句意是“安吉拉想写些智慧箴言给她的朋友，但她的脑子却一片空白。”答案为wisdom。
  　2. She has been ________ ignoring him all day. （deliberate, deliberately）
【正确答案】deliberately
【答案解析】此处动词ignore 前需要一个副词修饰。deliberate动词，意思是“蓄意、故意”；deliberately 副词，意思是“蓄意地、故意地”。句意是“她一整天都故意漠视他的存在。”答案为deliberately。
    3. Waiting for exam results is a time of great ________. （anxiety, anxious）
【正确答案】anxiety
【答案解析】此处应填入名词，由前边的great修饰。great anxiety 可理解为“非常焦虑”。anxious形容词，意思是“焦虑的、忧虑的”；anxiety 名词，意思是“焦虑、忧虑”。句意是“等待考试结果这个过程让人非常焦虑。”答案为anxiety。
  　4. There is a general ________ that things will soon get better. （belief, believe）
【正确答案】belief
【答案解析】句子缺少宾语，因此此处应填入名词成分。belief名词，意思是“相信、信心”；believe动词，意思是“相信”。句意是“大家都相信，情况很快就会好转。”答案为belief。

  5. He looked distinctly ________ when the subject was mentioned. （comfortable, uncomfortable）
【正确答案】uncomfortable
【答案解析】comfortable“舒服的”和uncomfortable“不安的”，二者均为形容词，并互为反义
词。根据题意，这里选择uncomfortable更合适。句意是“当此事被提及，他显得很不安。”答案为uncomfortable。
    6. Is there a French word that is the exact ________ of the English word "home"? （equal, equivalent）
【正确答案】equivalent
【答案解析】the exact equivalent of word 可理解为“意思完全一样的词”。equal和equivalent都可以做名词。equal表示“平等”，而equivalent 表示“对等物”。句意是“法语里能到和英语‘家’这个词意思完全一样的词吗？”答案为equivalent。
  Section B
  Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
distinguish instruct equal conflict
anxiety guilt physical confront
1. She is a（n） ________ novelist and philosopher.
【正确答案】distinguished
【答案解析】此处需要填一个形容词，修饰后边的novelist and philosopher。单词distinguished 是形容词，意思是“杰出的”。句意是“她是一名杰出的小说家和哲学家。”答案为distinguished。
2. He gives her regular ________ in mathematics.
【正确答案】instruction
【答案解析】这里缺少宾语，应填入名词。instruction有“传授课程、知识”的意思。句意是“他定期向她传授数学方面的知识。”答案为instruction。
3. This achievement is unlikely ever to be ________.
【正确答案】equal
【答案解析】be后接形容词构成系表结构。本句可理解为“不可能再取得与此相同的成就了”。答案为equal。
4. The violence was the result of political and ethnic ________.
【正确答案】conflict
【答案解析】两个形容词political, ethnic修饰后边应填入的名词。句子意思是“政治上的和种族的冲突导致了这一暴行。”答案为conflict。
5. We have all been ________ of selfishness at some time in our lives.
【正确答案】guilty
【答案解析】guilty of sth. 是固定搭配，意思是“在某方面有过失的、有罪责的”。句意是“在我们的一生中的某个时候，我们都会为自己的自私感到有罪。”答案为guilty。
6. I'm very ________ about the speech contest.
【正确答案】anxious
【答案解析】系表结构缺少表语，可填入名词或形容词。根据句意，应该选形容词anxious,意思是“担心的、焦虑的”。句意是“我非常担心这次的演讲比赛。”答案为anxious。