Trojan War
Legend
Origins of the war
The plan of Zeus
According to Greek mythology, Zeus had become king of the gods by overthrowing his father Cronus. Since Zeus believed that there were too many people populating the earth, he envisioned . （想象）Momusuneventful（莫墨斯（冷笑和非难的神））[7] or Themis（西弥斯女神）,[8] who was to use the Trojan War as a means to depopulate the Earth, especially of his demigod descendants.[9]
Zeus came to learn from either Themis[10] or Prometheus（普罗米修斯），that, like his father Cronus, one of his sons would overthrow him. Another prophecy stated that a son of the sea-nymph Thetis, would become greater than his father.[12] Possibly for one or both of these reasons,[13] Thetis was betrothed（订婚了的） to an elderly huma
n king, Peleus（珀琉斯（萨利地方密尔弥冬人的国王，阿喀琉斯的父亲）） son of Aiakos（艾亚哥斯）.
All of the gods were invited to Peleus and Thetis' wedding and brought many gifts,[16] except Eris厄里斯（不和的女神，夜女神的女儿） ("Discord"), Insulted, she threw from the door a gift of her own:[18] a golden apple on which were inscribed the word ("To the fairest").[19] The apple was claimed by Hera, Athena雅典娜（智慧与技艺的女神）, and Aphrodite阿佛洛狄特（司爱与美之女神）. They quarreled bitterly over it, and none of the other gods would venture an opinion favoring one, for fear of earning the enmity of the other two. Eventually, Zeus ordered Hermes to lead the three goddesses to Paris, a prince of Troy, who, unaware of his ancestry祖先；血统, was being raised as a shepherd 牧羊人in Mount Ida伊达山,[20] because of a prophecy预言 that he would be the downfall of Troy.[21] Because he was unable to decide between them, they resorted to bribes. Athena offered Paris wisdom, skill in battle, and the abilities of the greatest warriors; Hera offered him political power and control of all of Asia; and Aphrodite offered him the love of the most beautiful woman in the world,
Helen of Sparta. Paris awarded the apple to Aphrodite, and, after several adventures, returned to Troy, where he was recognized by his royal family.
Peleus and Thetis bore a son, whom they named Achilles阿喀琉斯(. It was foretold that he would either die of old age after an uneventful life, or die young in a battlefield and gain immortality through poetry.[22] Furthermore, when Achilles was nine years old, Calchas卡尔克斯（随军预言家） had prophesied that Troy could not again fall without his help.[23] A number of sources credit Thetis with attempting to make Achilles immortal长生的when he was an infant. Thetis bathed Achilles in the River Styx斯提克斯, making him invulnerable wherever he had touched the water.[26] Because she had held him by the heel, it was not immersed during the bathing and thus the heel remained mortal and vulnerable to injury. He grew up to be the greatest of all mortal warriors. After Calchas' prophesy, Thetis hid Achilles in Skyros斯基罗斯岛（位于爱琴海中部） at the court of king Lycomedes吕科墨得斯, where he was disguised as a girl.[27] At a crucial point in the war, she assists her son by providing weapons divinely forged by Hephaestus火神赫菲斯托斯.
Elopement私奔；潜逃of Paris and Helen
The most beautiful woman in the world was Helen, one of the daughters of Tyndareus廷达瑞俄斯（传说中的斯巴达王）, King of Sparta，who had scores of suitors求婚者, and her father was unwilling to choose one for fear the others would retaliate violently.
Finally, one of the suitors, Odysseus ,proposed  a plan to solve the dilemma困境. In exchange for Tyndareus' support of his own suit towards Penelope,( 佩内洛普（女子名）；Odysseus的忠实妻子)
penelope cruz 佩内洛普•克鲁兹（西班牙女影星）
•    he suggested that Tyndareus require all of Helen's suitors to promise that they would defend the marriage of Helen, regardless of whom he chose. grumble at 对…表示不满；抱怨…
.[32]
•    Tyndareus chose Menelaus墨涅拉俄斯 斯巴达王. Menelaus was a political choice on her father's part. He had wealth and power. He sent his brother Agamemnon阿伽门农（特洛伊战争中希腊军队的统帅） on his behalf. He had promised Aphrodite a hecatomb百牲祭n.大屠杀；百牲祭
holocaust, bloodbath
, a sacrifice of 100 oxen, if he won Helen, but forgot about it and earned her wrath愤怒.[33] Menelaus inherited Tyndareus' throne王座of Sparta with Helen as his queen.
Paris帕里斯（特洛伊王子）, under the guise of a supposed diplomatic外交的mission, went to Sparta to get Helen and bring her back to Troy. Before Helen could look up, to see him enter the palace, she was shot with an arrow from Cupid丘比特, and fell in love with Paris when she saw him, as promised by Aphrodite. Menelaus had left for Crete[36] to bury his uncle, Crateus.[37] Hera, still jealous over his judgement, sent a storm.[36] The storm caused the lovers to land in Egypt, where the gods replaced Helen with a likeness of her made of clouds, Nephele涅斐勒（云女神）.[38] The ship t
hen landed in Sidon before reaching Troy.
Odysseus and Achilles
Since Menelaus's wedding, Odysseus had married Penelope and fathered a son, Telemachus忒勒马科斯（希腊神话中奥德修斯和珀涅罗珀之子，助其父杀死向珀涅罗珀求婚的人）. In order to avoid the war, he feigned madness and sowed his fields with salt. Palamedes 帕拉米迪斯outwitted him and revealed his sanity and forcing him to join the war.[36][45]
At Skyros斯基罗斯岛, Achilles had an affair with the king's daughter Deidamia得伊达弥亚, resulting in a child, Neoptolemus尼奥普托列墨斯.[47] Odysseus, Telamonian Ajax, and Achilles' tutor Phoenix went to retrieve Achilles. Achilles' mother disguised him as a woman so that he would not have to go to war, but, they blew a horn, and Achilles revealed himself by seizing a spear矛，to fight intruders入侵者；闯入者, rather than fleeing逃走.[48]
First gathering at Aulis奥利斯
The Achean forces first gathered at Aulis. All the suitors sent their forces except King Cinyras of Cyprus. Idomeneus 伊多梅纽斯（在特洛伊战争中的希腊领袖）was willing to lead the Cretan克里特岛人contingent in Mycenae's war against Troy, but only as a co-commander, which he was granted.[52] The last commander to arrive was Achilles, who was then 15 years old.