名词性从句单句语法填空
1. without his support, we wouldn't be _________we are now.
2. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing_________ she was heading.
3. She asked me_________ I had returned the books Io the library, and 1 admitted that I hadn't.
4. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of_________it used to charge.
5. Your support is important to our work. _________you can do helps.
6. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _________one can be entirely free from dust.
7. The manager put forward a suggestion_________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
8. A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not _________ships are built for.
9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
10. We must find out _________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
11. lf you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate_________ is below the water surface. Often
there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
12. _________Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
13. _________ we understand things has lot to do with what we feel.
14. Our health is___________ we make of it- give it attention and it improves; give it none and it weakens.
15. It is generally believed _________modem technology und mass media are helping to break traditional cultural boundaries.
名词性从句讲解
名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句四种。名词性从句连接词的选择是考查的重点。名词性从句连接词的选择可从连接词在从句中的作用(即成分)和意义两个方面入手: 一是连接词在从句中作不作成分, 如果作成分, 作什么成分；二是连接词在从句中有无意义, 如有意义, 是何意义。具体见下表:
连  接  词
作用(成分)
意义
that
×
×
if/whether
×
√                        是否
what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)/
Whom(ever)/whose/how many/how much
√
主语、宾语、表语、定语
√
(无论)什么/哪一个/谁、谁的、多少
when(ever)/where(ver)/
how(ever)/why/because
√
状语、表语
√
(无论)何时/何地/怎样、为什么, 因为
可用于同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, evidence, truth , question, hope, promise, suggestion, thought, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear, possibility等
that引导名词性从句
that引导名词性从句时, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有任何意义。
1. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free from dust.
答案: that。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有意义, 故用that。句意: 雨季最惬意的事情就是人们可以远离尘土。
2．It is believed ______ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning．
答案: that。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有意义, 故用that。句意: 人们认为, 小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。
3. I truly believe ______ beauty comes from within.
4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
答案: that。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导同位语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有意义, 故用that。
if/whether引导名词性从句
if/whether引导名词性从句时, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否"之意。
1. It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
答案: whether。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否", 故用whether。句意: 新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。
2. We've offered her the job, but I don't know______ she'll accept it.         
答案: whether/if。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否", 故用whether或if。句意: 我们已经给予她这项工作, 不过不知道她是否接受。
注意: if与whether引导名词性从句的区别:
1. if基本上只能用在宾语从句中, 不能引导表语从句和同位语从句。
________ the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.
答案: whether。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否", 故用whether引导。句意: 这里的大楼是否要推倒仍然有争议, 人们仍然在寻其它可能的解决方法。
2. 引导宾语从句时, if与whether通常可以互换, 但在下列情况只用whether, 不用if:
1)从句作介词宾语时；
2)与or not, to do连用时。例如:
It doesn't matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park.
答案: whether。解析: 连接词引导主语从句后置, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否"之意, 故用whether。if也可以引导名词性从句, 表示"是否", 但不能与or或or not连用。
what(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)等引导名词性从句
What(ever)/which(ever)/who(ever)等引导名词性从句时, 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语, 并分别表示"(无论)什么/哪一个/谁"等意思。
1. I'm not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
答案: which。解析: 这是一个复合句。主句是I'm not sure, 后面是宾语从句, 在宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句。宾语从句的连接词在从句中作主语, 且表示"哪一个", 故用which。
2. This is _________ my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
答案: what。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句, 并在从句中作宾语, 表示"什么", 故用what引导。
3. The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycler.
答案: whoever。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句, 作介词to的宾语, 并在从句中作主语, 表示"无论谁", 故用whoever引导。
4.Every year, _______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a price in the Kite Festival.
答案: whoever。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句, 并在从句中作主语, 表示"无论谁", 故用whoever。
5. Your support is important to our work. ______ you can do helps.
when(ever)/where(ver)/how(ever)/why等引导名词性从句
when(ever)/where(ver)/how(ever)/why等引导名词性从句时, 在从句中作状语(有时也可作表语), 表示"(无论)何时/何地/怎样/为什么"等意义。
1. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ____ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案: how。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句, 并在从句中作状语, 表示"多么", 故用how。
2. Without his support, we wouldn't be _________ we are now.
答案: where。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句, 并在从句中作表语, 表示"所处境况", 故用where。
2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
答案: how。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句, 并在从句中作方式状语, 表示"怎样", 故用how。
3. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _______ she was heading.
答案: where。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语, 故用where。
4. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.
答案: when。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句, 并在从句中作时间状语, 故用when。
总结归纳
引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词(有意思, 并在从句中作句子成分), 以及that(不作任何句子成句, 没有任何意义), 和表示"是否"的whether/if。其中要特别注意连接代词what的意义和用法。
［例1］ He came to me in the belief _____ I could help him.
［分析］空格后面的句子是belief的同位语, 从句内容完整, 也不缺少任何句子成分, 故填that。
［例2］ Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than _____ we have done.
［分析］在宾语从句中作have done的宾语, 相当于the thing that, "所……的事", 用连接代词what。
分析一下:
1. When I first arrived, I did not know _____ to expect, so I was excited to explore and experience this new culture.
2. Most parents don't realize its effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact _____they leave their children alone.
练习一下:
1. His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out _____ he is trying to express.
2. There is much truth in the idea _______ kindness is usually served by frankness.
3. It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
4. Mr Wang wanted to know _______ place would be the most enjoyable for the whole family.
5. Our teachers always tells us to believe in ______ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.                                                           
6. When the news came _______ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
7. It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
8. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best.
9. ______ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
10. Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.       
11. It depends on ______ we have enough time.                   
12. Some of the scientists held the view ______ the book said was right.
13. He was driving at ______ I thought was a fantastic speed.     
14. I want to buy some stamps. Can you tell me _____ there's a post office near here?     
15. It has not been decided yet________ the meeting will start at the hall. 
课堂练习
1. The question is _____ the film is worth seeing.               
2. It so happened ______ I had no money on me.
3. We were all very worried over the fact _____ you were ill.       
4. Mark wondered ______ you thought of the new film.
5. This museum is not ______ it was ten years ago.               
6. The reason for his success is _______ he worked hard.         
7.She dresses well, but the trouble is________ the clothes she is wearing don't go with each other very well.                                     
8. Einstein's most famous theory is ____ we call the Theory of Relativity. 
9. The suggestion________ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.                                               
10. The old woman was shocked by____ had happened to her daughter.   
11. Lei Feng was always thinking of________ he could help others.       
12. Could you tell me for _____ you have bought this fur coat?               
13.______ we have seen is quite from______ we have heard.   
14. There are three books on the desk. I don't know________ one he will choose.
15. We have plenty of books here. You may take _____one you like best. 
1. There's some doubt_____ she will be able to repay the money on time. 
2. My radio doesn't work. I don't know _______ the trouble is.                   
3 ______ you go or stay at home won't make any difference.   
4. Is _____ you told me really true?                         
5. After months of research there was little hope______ the lost car might be found.
6. ____he doesn't like them is very clear.                     
7 There's a feeling in me________ we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.                                          8. Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that's_______ it takes to do anything well.                                           
9.________ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.             
10. The fire destroyed________ was in the building.               
11. We know little about the young lady except_______ you told me.     
12. I know nothing about her except_______ she is from Canada.         
13.The question he asked was________ the electrical equipment should be stored.
14.________ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.       
doris15. Please give the book to______ wins the first prize.             
16. The chance______he will attend the meeting is very little.
语法填空 1
Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores.They don’t care much 25.        who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be 26.        (direct) compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the 27.        (choose) of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel 28.      (puzzle) at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good 29.          (play) without having to think 30.    he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He 31.        (become) a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident, too, in particular 32.        (game), that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game, they imagine a situation under 33.    (they) control.Everyone knows 34.        rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
25.答案　about
解析　care about关心, 在乎, 为固定短语, 故填about。
26.答案　directly
解析　此处修饰谓语动词be compared, 应用副词形式。故填directly。
27.答案　choosing
解析　分析句子成分可知, 所填词由the修饰, 故应填名词或动名词形式；又因其与空后的picking-up及determining并列, 所以也应用其动名词形式。故填choosing。
28.答案　puzzled
解析　-ed形式的形容词一般形容人, 表示“某人感到……的”；-ing形式的形容词表示“某事(物)令人……的”。根据语境可知, 此处表示“(大人)感觉很困惑”, 所以应用-ed形式的形容词。故填puzzled。
29.答案　player
解析　分析句子成分可知, 本句主语为He, 且空前有不定冠词和形容词修饰, 所以所填词应为名词的单数形式。故填player。
30.答案　whether/if
解析　根据语境可知, 此处表示“不需要考虑他是否受欢迎”。再分析句子结构可知, 所填词为宾语从句引导词。宾语从句中主干完整, 且由句意可知, 此处表示“是否”, 故填whether/if。
31.答案　becomes
解析　全文的主体时态为一般现在时, 且设空处后面的when引导的时间状语从句中也用了一般现在时, 故此处也为一般现在时。又因主语为He, 是第三人称单数形式, 故谓语动词也需用单数形式。故填becomes。
32.答案　games
解析　game为可数名词, 根据常识可知, 小孩子喜欢玩的游戏不止一种, 因此需要用其复数形式。故填games。
33.答案　their
解析　设空处作定语, 修饰名词control, 所以需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
34.答案　the
解析　空后的rules指的是“孩子们所玩游戏的规则”, 表示特指, 所以用定冠词。故填the。
Passage 2
    Harvard is older than the United States. In the early 1630s, some settlers recommended that a university __61__ (found) just to improve the quality of their descendants (子孙) so that they could better build the new home. Thus, it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
  Like many other universities at that time, Harvard at the early stage often ran into __62__ financial crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise __63__ (donate), but as you can predict, they often came back __64__ their hands empty.
  __65_ (fortunate), in 1638, John Harvard, pastor of Charlestown, passed away. He left his library and half his estate (财产）to the institution, __66_ were the biggest contribution ever since its establishment. Therefore, the university was named after his name. Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard __67_ (stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the University’s best __68__ (know) landmark.
    It is universally __69__ (acknowledge) that John Harvard was respected and remembered by the people in the USA owing to __70__ he did.
Passage 2
61. 答案：(should) be founded。解析：句意：早在十七世纪三十年代，一些定居者建议建一所大学，旨在改进他们子孙后代的品质，以便他们能更好地建设自己的新家。Recommend后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。University与found之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 
62. 答案：a。解析：句意：象很多那个时候的大学一样，哈佛大学在其早期常常陷入财政危机。crisis是可数名词，单数前应用不定冠词。 
63. 答案：donation(s) 。解析：句意：校委会不得不经常去欧洲募集捐款，但是可以预见，他们常常空手而归。 作宾语，应用名词。raise donation(s)意为“募捐”。
64. 答案：with。解析：这里是介词短语作状语；介词后是“宾语+宾语补足语”，能跟这一结构的介词只有with和without，根据句意可知，应用with。 
65. 答案：Unfortunately。解析：句意：不幸的是，1638年查尔斯镇的牧师约翰.哈佛去世了。作状语，应用副词；由passed away可知，是件不幸的事，所以副词用Unfortunately。
66.which
67. 答案：standing。解析：句意：今天你可以看见一座约翰.哈佛的塑像矗立在哈佛园学院大厅前面，它可能是这所大学最知名的标志性建筑。这里作宾语补足语，故用现在分词。 
68. 答案：known。解析：作定语，修饰landmark，应过去分词，用作形容词。known意为“著名的”。 
69. 答案：acknowledged。解析：句意：举世公认约翰.哈佛因其所做的事情被美国人民所尊敬和怀念。It is universally acknowledged that…是固定句型，意为“举世公认……”。
70. 答案：what。解析：空格处引导一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中做did的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导。
Adversity (逆境) can beat you down, __61__ probably it also has the ability to make you stronger. The impact and ultimate result depend on __62__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way.
Beethoven composed one of his __63__ (great) works after going deaf. Sir Walter Raleigh wrote The History of the World during his thirteen-year imprisonment. Had Columbus turned back, no one could __64__ (blame) him. Of course, no one would have remembered __65__, either. Abraham Lincoln made great achievements by his display of wisdom during the Civil War.
Eventually, consider a more recent example. For sixteen years, Mary Groda-Lewis had a difficult time in recognizing and comprehending the written words on account of a learning disorder. She __66__ (put) in prison on two different occasions and almost died of a stroke when __67__ (bear) a child. Committed to going to college, she did a variety of odd jobs to save money. When she graduated from high school at eighteen, she was considered as an outstanding student, and finally entered college __68__ (success). Determined to become a doctor, she received many medical school __69__ (reject) before Albany Medical College finally accepted her. In 1984, Dr. Mary Groda-Lewis, __70__ was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream. 
61.but/yet
62.what
63. 答案：greatest。解析：句意：贝多芬耳聋后谱写了他最伟大的作品之一。“one of the/物主代词+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。 
64. 答案：have blamed。解析：句意：如果哥伦布转身回来，没有人会责怪他。这里是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反，从句是省略了if的倒装句，用过去完成时，主句用could/should/might have done。
65. 答案： him。解析：句意：当然，也就没有人会记得他。这里指上文提到的哥伦布，作宾语，应用代词宾格。 
66. 答案：was put。解析：句意：她在两次不同的场合被投入监狱，而且在生孩子的时候差点死于中风。put sb in prison意为“把某人投入监狱”，she和put是被动关系，应用被动语态，叙述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
67. 答案：bearing。解析：这里是时间状语，表示主动和进行，用现在分词。也可以看作是状语从句when she was bearing a child的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句主语相同时，状语从句的主语可以省略，同时省略助动词。 
68. 答案：successfully。解析：句意：在她18岁高中毕业的时候，她已经被认为是一个杰出的学生，而且最后终于上了大学。修饰谓语entered，应用副词。 
69. 答案：rejections。解析：句意：决心要当个医生，在被奥尔巴尼医学院录取之前，遭到了许多医学院校的拒绝。作宾语，应用名词，前有many修饰，应用复数。 
70. 答案：who。解析：句意：1984年，玛丽. 格罗达-刘易斯光荣毕业，实现了她的梦想。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用关系代词who。