Lesson 39 单词讲解
1.operation
[N] 手术
have an operation
an operation for cancer
She’s going to need an operation on her ankle.
[N] 操作，运转，经营；公司，企业
in operation
in the operation
business operation
His electronics operation employs around 5,000 people.
Matt and Bob were both involved in the operation.
My company has been in operation since 2015.
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.
The new investment system came into operation in 1999.
Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.
The aircraft’s engine operation was normal.
The new rule comes into operation on February 1.
[N]. 行动
rescue operation
military operation
The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.
Britain will carry out a joint military operation with the US.
operate  [V] 操作；经营；引起；运转；动手术；
operate a company
operate the computer
operate a machine
Check that the equipment is operating in a safe manner.
The bus is designed to operate in all weather conditions.
He was experienced in operating the computers.
They were trying to reduce operating costs.
Nuns are operating an emergency hospital.
2.successful  [ADJ] 成功的
successfully [ADV]
success [N]
succeed [V]
3.inquire  [V] 询问；查究；询价
I am writing to inquire about your advertisement in ‘The Times’.
The waiter inquired whether we would like to sit near the window.
‘Where’s the station?’ she inquired of a passer-by.
The investigation will inquire into the company’s financial dealings.
4.alone [ADJ]&[ADV] 独自的；单独的
*Do not use lonely to mean ‘without anyone else’. Use alone.
She lives alone
She is afraid to travel alone
You shouldn’t leave a child alone in the house.
leave sb./sth. alone
'Leave me alone!' she screamed.
Leave those cakes alone. They’re for the guests.
lonely [ADJ] 偏僻的，人迹罕至的，孤单寂寞的
The old lady lived _______, so she felt _______.
It felt like the loneliest place in the world.
a lonely journey
He led a lonely life with few friends.
Don’t you get lonely being on your own all day?
Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains.
a fair exchange
an exchange of political prisoners
I’ve offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week’s accommodation.
a quiet exchange between the judge and the clerk.
The organization is dedicated to the free exchange of information.
Kate’s in New York on an employee exchange so she can get some more training.
[V] 交换；交易；兑换
We exchange gifts at Christmas.
We exchanged phone numbers/addresses.
Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?
He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one.
It’s a place where people can chat and exchange ideas.
I went over and exchanged greetings with everyone.
The two women exchanged glances and laughed.
Now, are you certain about that?
They were watching him. He was certain of it.
I felt certain that I’d passed the test.
I’m absolutely certain that I left the keys in the kitchen.
I’m not certain when it will be ready.
I know for certain it’s in here somewhere.
One thing’s for certain, he won’t be back.
We need to make certain that it’s going to fit first.
The library’s only open at certain times of day.
There are certain things I just can’t discuss with my mother.
Many people look certain to lose their jobs.
It is wise to apply early to be certain of obtaining a place.
certainly  [ADV] 当然；行
They’re certainly not mine.
It is certainly true that there are more courses on offer.
-'I'd like a beer, please.' -'Certainly, sir.'
-'Can I come along? ' -'Certainly.'
-'May I go? ' -'Certainly not!'
a gathering of friends and relatives
a close/distant relative
Her boyfriend is a distant relative of mine.
Lesson 39 课文&语法讲解
Key points:
直接引语变间接引语
（宾语从句）
直接引语变间接引语
他说：“我是笨蛋”——直接引语
他说我是笨蛋？
strcmp was not declared in他说他是笨蛋！——间接引语
方式：将直接引语变宾语从句，并变换角度（人称、代词、时态、状语等）。He says, "I am a fool."
He says (that)he is a fool.
He said, "I am a fool."
He said that he was a fool.
He said, "I will go to Italy"
He said (that)he would go to Italy.
He said, "I went to Italy."
He said (that) he had gone to Italy.
"Business is very bad"
He said (that) Business was very bad.
"Mr. H will see you."
The secretary told me (that) Mr.H would see you.
"You will receive a thousand pounds"
He told me (that) I would receive a thousand pounds.
宾语从句
陈述句
He will help us —— We know (that) he will help us.
We know (that) the world is round.
We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain.
I think (that) a sound knowledge of grammar is extremely important and necessary to good writing.
I don't think she's interested in such activities.
she didn't believe she would ever see him again.
特殊疑问句（WH- & How）（调整语序）
What did you say? —— We know what you said.
I have not decided whom I should vote for.
Could you tell me where the post office is.
We don't know why he did not come yesterday.
They gave who came to the meeting a gift.
You should vote for which candidate you assume best.
The mother will buy whichever books her son wants.
We will do whatever we can to save him.
He was not happy at wha t she had said.
一般疑问句（Yes or No）(调整语序、前加whether/if)
Is she coming here?
We know (whether/if) she is coming here.
注意：if只能在宾语从句中引导名词从句；在宾语从句中，whether和if可以转换，但是如果后面要加or not则不能用if，这能用whether。
I don't know if / whether he needs my help.
No one knew whether or not interest rates would rise.
特殊的宾语从句：Be + adj. + 从句
I'm afraid (that) I have made a serious mistake. (afraid of)
We are sure (that) we shall succeed. (sure of)
we are confident we can overcome these difficulties. (confident of)
I am not sure where she lives. (sure about)
She was not certain whether he would come. (certain of)
转换练习：
"I am inquiring a "
Mr. Gilbert said
“When will Mr. Gilbert be allowed to go home?”
He then asked
“Was my operation successful?”
He asked his doctor to tell him                                        翻译练习：
我承诺我会帮助你。
你从来没有告诉过我，你对我的电脑做了什么。
我想知道什么时候我们将会出发。
他们不知道他们是否会按时完成工作。
你能告诉我什么时候我们将会出发吗？
改错练习：
My friends know where do I work.
Can you tell me that where Vicky is living now?
I asked my sister what kind of movies does she like.
I want to know does Peter have a laptop.
补充：
宾语从句中，that在下面情况中不能省略：
a)and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. b)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.