（英语）英语阅读理解模拟试题
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Notre-Dame, the cathedral (大教堂) that serves as one of Paris's most beloved monuments, is
on fire. According to The New York Times, the fire began around 6: local time, when
tourists urgently rushed out of the building. While Andre Finot, a spokesman for the cathedral,
told The Times, that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt while
damage to the building appears catastrophic（灾难性的）.
CNN reports that over 400 firefighters have been sent to fight the fire, but that they may be
unable to save the cathedral. Built in the 12th century, Notre-Dame houses several relics
important to Catholics (天主教徒). NBC News reports that relics from Saint Genevieve and Saint
Denis may been lost, together with a relic believed to be from Jesus Christ's crown of thorns, but
it states that authorities now believe that the cathedral has been saved from “total destruct    Notre-Dame is visited by a reported 30, 000 people a day and 13 million people per year. Its
destruction represents a global cultural loss. "This is just horrible", Mohamed Megdoul, 33, a film
producer and witness to the fire told The Times, speaking through tears. "A thousand years of
history is being wiped away. This belonged to the whole world, and now it's disappearing."
French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his sadness on Twitter. "Notre-Dame of Paris in
flames," reads an English translation of his statement. "Emotion for a whole nation. Thoughts for
all Catholics and for all the French. Like all our countrymen, I'm sad together to see this part of us
burn." Other politicians, including Melanis Trump, London Mayor Sadiq Khan, U. K. Prime
Minister Theresa May also shared their sadness on Twitter.
（1）What do we know about Notre-Dame according to the passage?
A.It has been completely destroyed by the fire.
B.It's a huge political loss to the world.
C.It's only meaningful to Catholics.
D.The reason of the fire remained to be found out.
（2）What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply?
A.The history of France is destroyed because of the fire.
B.The loss the fire caused is huge.
C.The damage of Notre-Dame is being wiped off.
D.The cathedral has been saved from "total destruction".
（3）What's the purpose of writing the passage?
A.To report a disaster of Notre-Dame.
B.To express people's sadness of the destruction.
C.To emphasize the value of Notre-Dame.
D.To show the concerns from the worldwide.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相
关信息。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“While Andre Finot, a spokesman for the cathedral, told The Times, that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt while damage to the building appears catastrophic（灾难性的）”这起火灾的原因还不得而知，对建筑的破坏是灾难性的，并没有说建筑被完全破坏了。故选D。
（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“　Its destruction represents a global cultural loss ‘A
可知，它的毁灭代表了全球文化的损失。thousand years of history is being wiped away. ’”
Mohamed Megdoul说道：这很糟糕，一千年的历史就这样被破坏殆尽。wipe away“擦掉，破坏殆尽”。由此判断出这就话显示了火灾造成的损失是巨大的。故选B。
（3）考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了举世闻名的法国
巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。因此本文的目的在于报导巴黎圣母院遭遇的巨大灾难。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报
道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选
出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made
all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his
life tidying them up and arranging them.
But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or
her peak much later in life.
Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and
that is wisdom. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one
uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age ——
there are plenty of foolish middle-aged people about ——but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes. Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not
worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.
（1）According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result
in________.
B.sharpness of the brain
C.rich experience
D.his deep understanding of the nature
（2）Some people achieve success much later in life because          .
A.their work often requires much experience
B.they do not have a chance to show their talents
C.they have to learn lessons from failures
D.they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work
（3）The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that            .
A.it helps to avoid various mistakes
B.it contributes to one's creativity
C.it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty
D.it provides the right direction of efforts
（4）The writer came to believe that            .
A.it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future
B.it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible
< should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward
< has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的大脑在20岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成
就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧
为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die
off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, ... and
we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20
人们发现，16岁以
and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.”　后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑
在20岁早期处于巅峰状态,... 我们知道阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震
惊世界的发现。用余生来整理和安排这些发现。根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大
的发现是在20-25岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰，可推断出，本段
主要研究人类大脑巅峰期，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段“But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perh
aps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one
但在某些其他类型的活动
usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”
中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的
晚期才达到顶峰。可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经
验。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is
another thing that is very important, and that Leaning to be wise is basically learning
what is not possible； and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one
has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people
除了敏锐的头脑和
behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react.”
丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什
么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出
所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他
们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不
能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not
possible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go
through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature；how real people behave and
react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of
idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based
成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学
on an accurate observation of human nature,”
习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最
重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反
应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.......由此可
推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进
行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands
of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He
has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a
smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would
know his mother's incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resili Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never
experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're
faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it,
comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's
success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do
with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children
responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal
lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected theirrelic
achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers
College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This
difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤),
or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't h much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events
Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative
does not predict later functioning,”　
In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going
response.”　
forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less
easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the
neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different
ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional
---changes how they experience and react to
way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”
the adversity.
（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A. to think critically
B. to decide one's own fate
C. to live a better life
D. to recover from adversity
（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists
B. The resilient children
C. Positive elements
D. Internal locus of control
（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.
A. your positive perception may turn adversity around
B. stressful events are more
predictive than delightful events
C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D. a negative response
doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity
C. To indicate people's perception varies from each other
D. To compare different research
findings about resilience
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。
文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。
（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort
of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles,
stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in
and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他