一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
"What kind of rubbish are you?" This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.
Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets.
Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.
Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投掷）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.
（1）What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To complain about rubbish dividing.
B. To explain the four categories of the waste.
C. To introduce the rules on waste sorting.
D. To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations.
（2）What does the underlined word "Violators" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. People who don't pay for train tickets.
B. People who argue with the monitors.
C. People who obtain bank loans.
D. People who are against the regulations.
（3）What makes the citizens upset most about the rules?
A. Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish.
B. Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish.
C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.
D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Restart of Waste-sorting
B. A New Age of Garbage Classification
C. Learning to Classify Rubbish
D. Rubbish-sorting Benefits the World
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to
ensure that rules ar e obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.”市民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29).”他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的。可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Most upset are the short windows for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On July 1st, t he city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate kinds and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance and to inquire into the nature of one's rubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的
公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.
Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was "cuddy wifter", which means a left-handed person.
Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great. Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.
These include Hawaii's "hammajang", which means "in a disorderly state". Another is the word for a swimming costume, "dookers" or "duckers". It is used in Scotland.
The OED also might include the word "frog-drowner", which Americans might use to describe a downpour of rain. Another possibility is "brick". It means "very cold" to people in New Jersey and New York City.
The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as "agley". It might also be called "catawampous" or "ahoo".
"The OED aims to cover all types of English," Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.
The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. "We were surprised and
pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include," said Maier.（1）Which local word of the following most likely comes from one region of the United Kingdom?
A. Hammajang.
B. Dookers.
C. Catawampous.
D. Frog-drowner.（2）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words.
B. People are not enthusiastic about the appeal for regional words.
C. Regional words are more used orally than in written form.
D. Understanding regional words can be helpful when communicating.
（3）Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
A. It's time to track where the local words come from.
B. The same English words can be used to say different things.
C. OED aims to expand its collection to attract locals.
D. OED will include more regional words from around the globe.
（4）Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from?
A.Entertainment.
B.Sports.
C.Culture.
D.Health.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语
言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Another is the word for a swimming costume, ‘dookers’ or ‘duckers’. It is used in Scotland.”dookers 或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国的一个地区。故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Maier also said that it can be difficult fo r the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down”Maier说识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选A。（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
A home science experiment recently took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth's atmosphere.
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spend four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space.
Travelling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man's parachute by hand. In total, the project cost only$400.
"We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up," Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium(氦)into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds.
The toy astronaut's journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76miles away from the launch site.
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do-it-yourself space projects.
"I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore," Mathew told reporters. "We never knew we'd
get this far. It's been a lesson for us that hard work pays off."
（1）By saying "took the world by storm" in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment______________.
A. destroyed the world
B. flooded the world
C. fascinated the world
D. managed the world
（2）Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is right?
A.They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B.They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C.They launched weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D.They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
（3）How did Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad keep their costs down?
A.By sewing the weather balloon themselves.
B.By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C.By making their spacecraft by hand.
D.By using second-hand equipment.
（4）What problems did Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad have on launch day?
A.They ran out of helium.
B.The wind was too strong.
C.The balloon suddenly broke.
D.Their spacecraft was blown away.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述两个来自加拿大的高三学生利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果，并从中学到了努力终会有回报。
（1）推理判断题。根据画线部分后面的Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut's trip on film.两个来自加拿大的少年把乐高人送入太空，并且把航空之行的过程拍下来了。这是一件很了不起的事情，故推测这件事吸引了全世界的目光，即画线部分的意思是"吸引了全世界"，故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段的The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).可知这两个孩子是受到了两个麻省理工学生相似实验的启发，然后做了他们自己的实验，即他们是这两个孩子的榜样，故选A项。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man's parachute by hand. In total, the project cost only$400.可知他们很多的设备都是二手的，甚至自己缝制乐高人的降落伞，所以他们的总费用才花了400美元，故选D项。
sorting out（4）细节理解题。根据文章第五段的"We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there