基于单片机串口通信的上位机和下位机实践
串口是计算机上一种非常通用设备通信的协议(不要与通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus或者USB混淆)。大多数计算机包含两个基于RS232的串口。串口同时也是仪器仪表设备通用的通信协议;很多GPIB兼容的设备也带有RS-232口。同时,串口通信协议也可以用于获取远程采集设备的数据。
串口通信的概念非常简单,串口按位(bit)发送和接收字节。尽管比按字节(byte)的并行通信慢,但是串口可以在使用一根线发送数据的同时用另一根线接收数据。它很简单并且能够实现远距离通信。比如IEEE488定义并行通行状态时,规定设备线总常不得超过20米,并且任意两个设备间的长度不得超过2米;而对于串口而言,长度可达1200米。
首先亮出C#的源程序吧。
主要界面:
只是作为简单的运用,可以扩展的。
源代码:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Timers;
namespace 单片机功能控制
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
checkbox和radiobutton的区别}
SerialPort sp = new SerialPort();
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
String str1 = comboBox1.Text;//串口号
String str2 = comboBox2.Text;//波特率
String str3 = comboBox3.Text;//校验位
String str4 = comboBox5.Text;//停止位
String str5 = comboBox4.Text;//数据位
Int32 int2 = Convert.ToInt32(str2);//将字符串转为整型
Int32 int5 = Convert.ToInt32(str5);//将字符串转为整型
groupBox3.Enabled = true;//LED控制界面变可选
try
{
if (button1.Text == "打开串口")
{
if (str1 == null)
{
MessageBox.Show("请先选择串口!", "Error");
return;
}
sp.Close();
sp = new SerialPort();
sp.PortName = comboBox1.Text;//串口编号
sp.BaudRate = int2;//波特率
switch (str4)//停止位
{
case "1":
sp.StopBits = StopBits.One;
break;
case "1.5":
sp.StopBits = StopBits.OnePointFive;
break;
case "2":
sp.StopBits = StopBits.Two;
break;
default:
MessageBox.Show("Error:参数不正确", "Error");
break;
}
switch (str3)
{
case "NONE":
sp.Parity = Parity.None; break;
case "ODD":
sp.Parity = Parity.Odd; break;
case "EVEN":
sp.Parity = Parity.Even; break;
default:
MessageBox.Show("Error:参数不正确", "Error");
break;
}
sp.DataBits = int5;//数据位
sp.Parity = Parity.Even;//设置串口属性
sp.Open();//打开串口
button1.Text = "关闭串口";
textBox1.Text = Convert.ToString(sp.PortName) + "已开启!";
}
else
{
sp.Close();
button1.Text = "打开串口";
groupBox3.Enabled = false;//LED控制界面变灰
textBox1.Text = Convert.ToString(sp.PortName) + "已关闭!";
}
}
catch (Exception er)
{
MessageBox.Show("Error:" + er.Message, "Error");
return;
}
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//初始化
textBox1.Text = "欢迎使用简易的串口助手!";
groupBox3.Enabled = false;//LED控制界面变灰
groupBox6.Enabled = false;
groupBox7.Enabled = false;
groupBox8.Enabled = false;
button3.Enabled = false;
button6.Enabled = false;
timer1.Start();
try
{
foreach (string com in System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames()) //自动获取串行口名称
thisboBox1.Items.Add(com);
//默认设置
comboBox1.SelectedIndex = 0;//选择第一个com口
comboBox2.SelectedIndex = 4;//波特率4800
comboBox3.SelectedIndex = 0;//校验位NONE
comboBox4.SelectedIndex = 0;//停止位为1
comboBox5.SelectedIndex = 0;//数据位为8
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("不到通讯端口!", "串口调试助手");
}
}
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
label6.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try {
if (button2.Text == "开启")
{
groupBox6.Enabled = true;
radioButton1.Checked = false;
radioButton2.Checked = false;
radioButton3.Checked = false;
radioButton4.Checked = false;
checkBox1.Checked = false;
checkBox2.Checked = false;
checkBox3.Checked = false;
checkBox4.Checked = false;
checkBox5.Checked = false;
checkBox6.Checked = false;
checkBox7.Checked = false;
checkBox8.Checked = false;
button3.Enabled = true;
textBox2.Text = String.Empty;
button2.Text = "关闭";
}
else
{
groupBox6.Enabled = false;
button3.Enabled = false;
button2.Text = "开启";
textBox2.Text = String.Empty;
}
}
catch (Exception er)
{
MessageBox.Show("Error:" + er.Message, "Error");
return;
}
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
groupBox6.Enabled = true;
label7.Text = "已发送";
if (textBox2.Text == "")
MessageBox.Show("发送失败,请选择发送的数据!");
else
sp.WriteLine(textBox2.Text);//往串口写数据
}
private void checkBox1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
try {
if (checkBox1.Checked)
{
checkBox1.Checked = true;
checkBox2.Checked = false;