专题 02  阅读理解 说明文
--2023年高考英语阅读理解联考+名校联考模拟题分类精选 
(原卷版)
1.【2022年山东省实验中学校考模拟预测】
Inspired by how dandelions (蒲公英) use the wind to distribute their seeds, a University of Washington team has developed a tiny sensor-carrying device that can be blown by the wind. It could provide unique insights for a variety of applications, including digital agriculture and monitoring climate change.
This system is about 30 times as heavy as a I milligram dandelion seed but can still travel up to 100 meters in a gentle wind, about the length of a football field, from where it is released. Once on the ground, the device, with at least four sensors, uses solar panels to power its on
board electronics and can share sensor data up to 60 meters away.
To keep things light, the team used solar panels instead of conventional batteries. The challenge is that without a battery the system can’t store a charge, which means after the sun goes down, the sensors stop working. In some cases, this might result in data losses. So the team included a capacitor, a device that can store some charge overnight.
To measure how far the devices would travel in the wind, the researchers dropped them from different heights, either by hand or by drone. One trick to spread out the device from a single drop point is to vary their shapes slightly so they are carried by the wind differently. “This is mimicking biology (仿生学), where variation is actually a feature, rather than a bug, ” said co author Thomas Daniel, a UW professor of biology. “Plants can’t guarantee that where they grow up this year is going to be good next year, so they have some seeds that can travel farther away. It’s like putting eggs in different baskets.”
With further improvements, the technology definitely has good prospects. “We can create devices that change shape as they fall, or facilitate some more mobility once they are on th
less is more英文理解e ground to get closer to an area we’re curious about, ” said the lead author Shyam Gollakota, another UW professor.
5．How does the author introduce the device in Paragraph 2?
A．By offering examples.    B．By listing reasons.
C．By making comparisons.    D．By giving figures.
6．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The superior flying capacity.    B．The reason for shape adjustment.
C．The complex building procedure.    D．The increasingly wide application.
7．What’s the author’s attitude to solar-powered sensors?
A．Critical.    B．Unconcerned.    C．Favorable.    D．Doubtful.
8．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To introduce a device.    B．To clarify a concept.
C．To explain a phenomenon.    D．To advertise a product.
2.【2022年湖北高三华中师大一附中期中测试】
On June 23,2018,twelve young Thai boys and their assistant football coach wandered into a karst cave in northern Thailand, near the border with Myanmar. What happened next would grab the world’s attention and lead to a complex and daring international rescue operation. The 10.3-kilometer-long Tham Luang cave flooded, trapping the boys in total blackness nearly 2.5 kilometers from the cave entrance.
Thousands of people from around the globe participated in the rescue effort, including military personnel, medical experts and the rock stars of the operation — cave divers. The divers, who safely removed all of the Thai children and their coach after 18 days underground, dealt with tight spaces and low visibility in muddy water- conditions that would prove deadly: Saman Gunan, a former Thai Navy Seal, died while transporting air tanks into the cave.
While the sport of cave diving had received attention in the pop culture area prior to the rescue mission in North Thailand, there is little doubt that the brave divers at Tham Luang cave helped push the activity and its varieties of risks into global society’s minds.
The sport-often referred to as among the world’s most dangerous recreational activities-has its roots in pre-WWII England. Since then, the recreational practice of cave diving, described by Australian cave explorer Richard Harris (a participant in the Tham Luang cave rescue) as an “unusual hobby” for “the ordinary,” has spread around the world-China included.
Over 1,000 kilometers northeast of Tham Luang cave, in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, lies karst-peak-covered Du’an county-China’s little-known cave diving Mecca.
Home to thousands of kilometers of underground rivers, Du’an county offers divers spellbinding geological formations, perhaps the world’s largest collection of blind fish species and a rare variety of freshwater jellyfish.
9．What do we know about the Tham Luang cave rescue operation?
A．There was no loss of life in the process.    B．Rock stars took part in the rescue efforts.
C．Rescue team came from more than Thailand.    D．Few people cared about it outside Thailand.
10．What contributes to people knowing more about cave diving globally?
A．Its dangerous recreations.    B．Its long history.
C．An expert’s description.    D．The divers’ heroic deeds.