形容词和副词的比较级和最高级      (八年级上  unit 6)
一、构成:
1、直接加-er,-est:long — longer — longest
                  short — shorter — shortest
2、以不发音的e结尾,加-r,-st: late — later — latest
                              fine — finer — finest
3、辅音+y,y-i ,再加-er,-est: heavy — heavier — heaviest
                              happy — happier — happiest
                              healthy — healthier — healthiest
4、重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写再加-er,-est,常见的(大红、胖瘦、湿热)
red — redder— reddest                          big — bigger — biggest
wet — wetter — wettest                        hot — hotter — hottest
fat — fatter — fattest                          thin — thinner — thinnest
5、部分双音节和多音节形容词须在前面加more-,most-:
(再如:delicions , exciting ,useful , popular , difficult等。)
6、特殊变化形式:  good/well — better  — best(好)
                  bad/badly  — worse  — worst(坏)
                  many/much — more —most(多)
                  litter — less — least(少)
                  — farther — farthest
远  far     
                  — further — furthest
                — older — oldest
老、旧  old
                — elder — eldest
eg:My eldest sister / brother.      My younger sister / brother.
注:1、分词构成的形容词加more- ,most-  (如interesting  tired)
    2、以形容词 + ly 构成的副词加more- ,most- (如quickly,easily,happily,luckyly)
    3、易出错的几个词:
        early — earlier — earliest
易混
        easily — more easily — most easily
        badly — worse — worst (√)
badly — more badly — most badly (×)
        friendly — more friendly — most friendly
均可
        friendly — friendlier — friendliest       (是形容词,不是副词。)
二、基本用法
1、比较级:用于两者之间进行比较(两者并不是指两个,有时是两部分。)
相关句型:
    A超过B:A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B
    A等于B:A + 动词 + as + 原级 + as + B
 
          A + 动词否定形式 + as / so + 原级 + as +B
A不及B:
                        形容词反义词的比较级
          A+ 动词 +                            + than + B
                        less + 原级(多音节词)
例:① I’m not as tall as he = I’m shorter than he.
    ② Chinese isn’t so interesting than English.
      Chinese is    less interesting than English.  Chinese is             
           
English is    more interesting than Chinese.
2、最高级:适用范围是三者或三者以上。          of
  句型:主语 + 动词 + the + 最高级 +(名词)+
              ( 副词最高级前可不用the)      in
of:表示主语和后面的比较范围属于同类。
in:表示主语和后面的比较范围不属于同类。
  eg:Tom is the tallest of all .(the boys)
      Tom is the tallest in my class.
三、特殊用法:
1、比较级 + and + 比较级 :越来越……
      He is fatter and fatter .
      She is more and more beautiful .(不是more beautiful and more beautiful)
2、the + 比较级 ,the + 比较级:越……就越……
      The more ,the better:越多越好
      The busier he is the happier he feels. 他越忙就感到越高兴。
      The harder you study ,the more you know.
3、the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词复数:两者中较……一个
        He is the taller of the two students.
        Which is     country ,China or Japan?
        A、large    B、larger  C、the larger  D、largest
4、one of + 形容词的最高级 +复数名词:其中最……之一
        Super star is one of the most popular songs.
        This clock is one of the oldest clocks.
5、the + 序数词 + 形容词的最高级 + 单数名词:第几(大、长、宽、高……)
        The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
                          这里不用first,最高级已经表示它是最长的了。 
        The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
四、修饰比较级的词:
1、表程度的词:mucha lota littlea bitevenstill
              …得多      一点        更;还
① It’s much / a little colder today.
② Tigers are much more dangerous than dogs.
  (more修饰可数名词时,前用many修饰,more修饰不可数名词时,前用much。)
③ He’s fat ,but his brother is still fatter.
          many more friends than Li Lei.
She has
          much more fruit.
2、表数量的词:two years 、a head 、three meters 、two hours 等。
a、He is (two years)younger / older than you.
b、I am a headtaller than she.
          或two centimeters (2cm)
c、The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.
3、表倍数、分数的词:oncetwicethree times 、3/4 、30%等。
                    一倍  两倍  三倍
      My bike is twice cheaper than yours.
五、用法六忌:
1、比较级中than后面的人称代词在非正式之中可用主格或宾格,但当than后面的人称代词与动词连用时,只能用主格形式。
    He is younger than I/me.
    He is younger than I am.
但有时主格和宾格有显然区别。
    He likes the dog better than me.
    He likes the dog better than I do.
2、many、few及其比较级只能做宾语,不能做表语。
less is more代言人
    Li Tang’s books are more / fewer than Jim’s.  (×)
    Li Tang has more / fewer books than Jim.    (√)