各种时态的被动语态
适用学科
英语
适用年级
高中三年级
适用区域
陕西西安
课时时长（分钟）
60
知识点
各种时态的被动语态
教学目标
通过选修7第二单元的学习，复习各种时态的被动语态
教学重点
动词ing形式的被动语态
教学难点
动词ing形式的被动语态
教学过程
一、复习预习
动词语态
1．  当句子的主语是动作的执行者时， 谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，
谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。
1）  一般现在时：Am/is/are done
2）  一般过去时：Were/was done
3）  一般将来时：Will/shall be done
4）  现在进行时：Am/is/are being done
5）  过去进行时：Was/were being done
6）  现在完成时：Has/have been done
7）  过去完成时：Had been done
8）  过去将来时：Would be done
9. 将来完成时： Will have been done
二、知识讲解
考点/易错点1
一些特殊的被动结构
1） 带情态动词的被动结构(情态动词 be done)：
the problem must be solved soon.
2）带不定式的被动结构：
the room is going to be painted.
the homework needs to be done with care.
3）特殊句式：
It /this is the first/second time that  ….
it is (high/about)  time that ……
it is/has been 段时间 since  过去式/should do
it is/will be 段时间 before 一般现在时
.it was 段时间 before 一般过去式
sb  was/were about to do  when  一般过去式
sb was/ were doing  sth…………..
考点/易错点2
1)不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
 It took place before liberation.
2)下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。
lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；
 Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
3)一些常用经典被动句型：
 It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…， It is expected…, It is estimated…,
 这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，
而 “以前人们认为……” 则应该说：It was believed…, It was said…
考点/易错点3
,时态语态中的主动形式表示被动意思。
（1）感官动词常用作系动词(如taste，feel，smell ，sound，look，smell等)，常用主动形      式表示被动含义。例如：
      How sweet the music sounds! //That sounds very reasonable．
（2）某些动词如cut，drive，pay，write，read，sell，keep，prove，weigh，number，drink，    wear，pay，wash，open，cost，lock，last等常用主动形式表被动含义，这时常和well，    easily，perfectly，badly，slowly等方式副词连用，这种用法多用来说明主语的特征、性      质或所处的状态等。例如：
        The pen writes quite smoothly．//The book sells well.
（3）在too…to结构中常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如：
      It's too good a chance to miss．
（4）有些及物动词如cook，burn，print，prepare等有时会用进行时态表示被动含义。例如：
      The potatoes are cooking．//The dictionary is printing．
（5）一些介词加具有动作意义的名词构成的介词短语常用来表示被动含义。如：on show／    on exhibition，on sale，on fire，out of sight，in sight，under construction，in the cha
rge of，      in the possession of，under repair，under consideration，under development，under          discussion等。例如：
        The project is under construction.// His car is under repair．
（6） 有些不及物动词和词组只有主动形式，常视为用主动形式表被动含义。如：take place，      happen，break out，belong to，come out，come about，go up，go out，grow up，consist      of，add up to，come into being，come into use，give out，come true，run out，turn up      等。例如：
        His whole school education added up to no more than one year．
        The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building．
三、例题精析
【例题1】
【题干】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he    polite.
A. was just being      B.will just be   C.had just been      D.would just be
  【答案】A
  【解析】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he    polite.
句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。”句前wasn’t sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。
【例题2】
  【题干】Experiments of this kind _______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted    B. have been conducted  C. had conducted    D. had been conducted
  【答案】D
  【解析】
句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。选D。
【例题3】
  【题干】In the last few years thousands of films         all over the world.
A.have produced  B. have been produced  C. are producing      D. are being produced
  【答案】B
  【解析】
句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。
四、课堂运用
【基础】
1. All visitors to this village      with kindness.
weigh的过去式A. treat          B. are treated        C. are treating      D. had been treated
2. Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He      to have been praised by the manager just now.
A.seemed          B.seems            C.had seemed        D.is seeming
     
【巩固】
1. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ evening dress.
A. wear      B. wears      C. has worn      D. have worn
2. Linda make sure the table ________before the guests arrive
A. be set      B. set    C. are set    D. are setting