高考英语专题复习---熟词生义、一词多义
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,未有词义;这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度;因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的;
例如：2001年全国卷中第26题：
We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_____ very well．
A．worked out B．tried out C．went on D．carried on
正确答案为A;此处work out的词义为“情况发展……”、“进行……”;其余干扰项的干扰作用都很大;如果没有完全掌握work out的含义,根本无法选定这个选项,更何况,我们的课本根本未有把work out作“情况进展”、“进行”解释过;单选题如此,阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是;为了能使我们顺利通过考试,现按照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义;
A
1．about 熟义：关于 prep．＆adv．到处＝美around 到处
We spent the whole afternoon walking about town．我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去;
His hair was drifting about his shoulders like dirty snow. 他的头发像脏兮兮的雪一样披散在肩上;
2．act 熟义：行动vi．起作用
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act．只需几分钟,药物就起作用了;
He acted both as the ship's surgeon and as chaplain for the men. 他在船上为水手们兼作外科医生和牧师;
In the act of …正在做…
Ken was in the act of paying his bill when Neil came up behind him. 尼尔从后面走过来时,肯正在付账;
3．add 熟义：加vt 接着说,又说
“They don't know．”he added．“他们不知道;”他接着又说;
4．address 熟义：地址,写地址 vt． ① 称呼
The president should be addressed as “Mr President．”总统应称为“总统先生”;
The Duchess should be addressed as Your Grace. 公爵夫人应被称为“大人”;
② 向……发表演说
weight是什么词性 He is going to address the meeting in a minute．他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了;
He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.
他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说;
n. 演说
The President gave an address to the American people. 总统向美国民众发表了演说;
v. 向…说话
The two foreign ministers did not address each other directly when they
这两位外交部长在上次会面时并没有直接的言语交流;
He addressed his remarks to Eleanor, ignoring Maria. 他和埃莉诺聊了聊,而没搭理玛丽亚;
v. 处理,了解并设法解决
Mr King sought to address those fears when he spoke at the meeting.
金先生在会上讲话时试图消除那些恐惧;
Throughout the book we have addressed ourselves to the problem of ethics.
整本书中我们都在探讨伦理观的问题;
5．admit 熟义：承认vt．①允许进入
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门,请我进去;
②容纳
The theatre only admits 1,000 persons．这个剧场只能容纳一千人;
6. adapt 熟义：适应vt．使某物适合于新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写稿本
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.
This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.
这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.
7. adopt 熟义：收养; 过继vt．① 采纳;采取;采用
We adopt their teaching method. 我们采用了他们的教学方法
8．against 熟义：反对,违背 prep．衬着,迎着,靠着
The picture looks good against the white wall．这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看;
She leaned against& 她紧靠着他;
The profits rise was achieved against a backdrop of falling metal prices.
在金属价格下跌的背景下,利润提高了;
The snow - capped mountains stood out in sharp relief against the blue sky.
白雪皑皑的山峦与蓝天形成了鲜明对比.
9．agree with 熟义：同意 与……一致,协调,适合
Your story agrees with what I heard．你讲的与我所听到的一致;
His explanation agrees with the facts of the situation.他的解释与实情相符;
Long plane trips don't agree with me．我不适合坐飞机长途旅行;
Late hours do not agree with me.我不习惯熬夜;
10．appeal 熟义: 恳求,呼吁v 对某人有吸引力,使某人感兴趣
The idea of camping has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.
11．appear 熟义：出现 vi 似乎
You appeared to have made a mistake. 你似乎犯了一个错误;
The aircraft appears to have crashed 飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了;
She didn't appear at all surprised at the news. 她听到这消息时一点也没有显得吃惊;
12．apply熟义：申请 v．应用,运用; 适用
What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.
The Government appears to be applying the 政府似乎是在运用相同的原则;
His project is concerned with applying the technology to practical business problems.
他的项目是将这项技术应用于实际的商务问题;
13．arm 熟义：n．手臂n．武器 v．武装
Lay down your arms or we'll fire放下武器,否则,我们就开了
Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有,十分危险;
14．ask 熟义：问vt．要求
The teacher asked that all the students should stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室.
15．attend 熟义：出席 vt．＆vi．看护,
Dr．Paria Lal attends him．Paria Lal医生在他;
If you go out,who'll attend to the baby如果你走了,谁来照看婴儿
B
1．back 熟义：n．背 vt．支持
Many of his friends backed his plan．他的许多朋友支持他的计划;
倒车
He backed his car out of
他把车倒出了私人车道;
2．badly 熟义：坏 adv．迫切, 很
English teachers are badly/desperately needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师;
We are in desperate need of a new English teacher.
3. bar
3．bear 熟义：熊 v． ① 支撑
The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄,承受不了你的重量;
② 负起责任,肩负
He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人;
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