数词用法详解
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。
Ⅰ基数词:表示数目或数量的多少。
1.基数词的构成:1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen,
nineteen.
20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.
≥100 100 a/one hundred
1,000 a/one thousand
1,000,000 a/one million
1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million
注意:1)英语中没有“万”,表示“万”时用“十千”。
ten thousand 一万fifty thousand 五万
2)ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion与基数词连用时,一般不变复数。
当表示约数时,此时这些词与of 连用,用复数形式,其前不能有具体的数字
修饰,但可以被many, several, a few等词修饰。
tens of 数十hundreds of 数百thousands of 数千
score, dozen 也可表示数量,其用法与hundred, thousand 类似:
a score of books 二十本书scores of books 几十本书
two score of books 四十本书two dozen books 两打书
3)千以上的数字,从后往前数,每三位加“,”;
第一个“,”前为thousand, 第二个“,”前为million ,第三个“,”前为one thousand
million 或one billion,然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。
4)百位和十位之间要有“and”:123,506,894 one hundred and twenty-three million,
five hundred and six thousand,
eight hundred and ninety-four 若百位与千位或千位与个位之间为零,则需加“and”:1,001 one thousand and one
405 four hundred and five 2. 基数词的用法
1)作主语:Three will be enough for us.
三个对我们来说就足够了。
Two of the girls are from Tokyo.
这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。
2)作宾语:Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.
四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。
3)作表语:The population of China is over 1.3 billion.
中国有十三亿多人口。
I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.
我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。
4)作定语:We have 300 workers in our company.
我们公司有三百名员工。
Forty students were involved in the interview.
四十名学生参加了这次采访。
5)作同位语:You two clean these seats.
你们两个打扫这些位子。
Have you got tickets for us three?
有我们三个人的票吗?
Ⅱ序数词:表示顺序或等级。
1.序数词的构成:1-10 first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;
eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th.
11-19 eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;
fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;
nineteenth 19th.
20-90 twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;
seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th.
≥100 100 hundredth
1,000 thousandth
1,000,000 millionth
1,000,000,000 billionth
注意:1)注意下列几个序数词的拼写形式。
fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth
2)序数词的缩写形式是在数字后直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成。
1st , 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 31st, 32nd, 44th等。
3)两位数及两位数以上的词,只需把个位数变为序数词,其他数不变。
twenty-first; twenty-second; twenty-third; one hundred and twenty-fourth等。
2.序数词的用法
1)作主语:The second is what I really need.
第二个是我真正需要的。
The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.
第一个瓶已满,但第二个还空着。
2)作宾语:I got a third in biology.
我生物得到了第三名。
Do you prefer the first or the second?
第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢?
3)作表语:I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you.
我将是第一个支持你的人,也是最不会反对你的人。
Columbus was the first who discovered America.
哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。
4)作定语:I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.
我还要试一次,看看我能否做得了。
Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get
there.
在第一个转弯处向右转,然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。
5)作状语:He came second in the race.
他在赛跑中得了第二名。
It was a snowy day when we first met.
我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。
3.序数词前冠词的使用
1)明确指明了先后顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时,序数词前用定冠词。
This is the second time that I have been in London.
这是我第二次来伦敦。
Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.
阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。
2)表示“又一、再一”,不强调顺序时,序数词前用不定冠词。
You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?
今天你已经买了四个玩具了,为什么还想再买一个呢?
I failed again, but I will try a third time.
我又失败了,可是我要再试一次。
3)序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。
My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.
我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。
Mrs. Black’s second child is a genius.
布莱克夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。
4)序数词与名词构成复合形容词时,冠词由被修饰词而定。
此时序数词是复合形容词的一部分而不是独立的,前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。
This MPV car is a second-hand one.
这辆商务车是二手的。
Habit is second nature.
习惯是第二天性。
5)序数词还可作副词,此时不用任何冠词。
First I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.
首先我缺钱,其次我没有足够的时间。
6)序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every 后,其前不用冠词。
every second day 每隔一天every fifth day 每隔四天every second line 每隔一行7)某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。
first of all 首先at first 起初at first sight 乍一看,第一眼
Ⅲ数词的用法
1. 分数:表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母须用序数词。
(分子是1以上的任何数时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。)1)真分数通常用英语单词表达。
one-fourth 四分之一two-fifths 五分之二  a quarter 四分之一2)分子和分母的数目较大时,两者都用基数词,之间用over/by/out of/in 连接。
Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.
二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。
3)带分数:“整数+ and + 分数部分”。
Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.
周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。
注意:分数修饰名词时,常用下面的两种方式。
one-half the distance/one-half of the distance 一半路程
three quarters the people/three quarters of the people 四分之三的人
2. 小数:小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开,但小数
点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。
0.786432 120,372.428
注意:小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数每一位都要单独读。
15.503读作fifteen point five zero three
0.05 读作zero point zero five
3. 百分数:百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字,后接percent或百分号(%),在专业统计或表格
中常用%代替percent,在句首时则用英语单词书写。
I have invested 40 percent of my income.
我把40%的收入用作投资了。
Farmers’ income has increased by 30%.
农民的收入已经增加了30%。
4.倍数:表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍用twice/double,三倍以上用“基数词+ times”。
1)“倍数+ as many/much … as …”
My deskmate clamed to have twice as many stamps as I.
我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。
This computer costs three times as much as that one.
这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。
2)“倍数+ the size of …”
用法与size相同的名词常见的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),
width(宽度),age(年龄),length(长度)等。
Our playground is five times the size of theirs.
我们的操场是他们的五倍大。
This street is twice/double the width of that one.
这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。
3)“倍数+ what从句”
The value of the house is double what it was.
这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。
People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.
人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。
4)“倍数+ 比较级+ than”
The room is twice larger than ours.
这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。
This ball seats three times more people than that one.
这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。
5)“比较级+ than … + by + 倍数/程度”
The line is longer than that one by twice.
这根线是那根线的两倍长。
The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.
中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。
注意:分数、百分数等也可用于上面的各种表达法中,以表示比较的程度。
The old man dedicates half what he earns to the Red Cross.
老人把自己收入的一半捐给红十字会。
We increased 10% as many products as last year.
我们的产品与去年相比增加了百分之十。
5.四则运算:1)加法
在口语中,小数目的加法常用and代表“+”,is 或are 代表“=”。
在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is 代表“=”。
7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.
13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.
2) 减法
在口语中,小数目的减法用
“Take away + 减数+ from + 被减数+ and you get + 余数”
“减数+ from + 被减数+ leaves/is + 余数”
在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus 代表“—”,equals 代表“=”。
12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and
you get seven.
21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.
weight的用法搭配3) 乘法
在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用are 代表“=”。
大数目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes 代表“=”。
在正式的场合下用multiplied by 代表“×”,equals 代表“=”。
4×5=20 Four fives are twenty
326×238=77588 Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and
thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.
4) 除法
小数目的除法:用divided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。
“被除数+ divided by + 除数+ equals + 商”
“除数+ into + 被除数+ goes + 商”
32÷4=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.
Four into thirty-two goes eight.
大数目的除法:用divided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。
216÷8=27
Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven. 6. 比率:一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字(包括句首的情况),但在非专业性的文字中,
也可用英语单词的形式。
The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.
七比四写作7:4或7/4。
You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.
你成功的机会只有一半。
7.编号:用基数词时名词+ 基数词World WarⅠ/Page 8/Room 109…
用序数词时the + 序数词+ 名词the First World War
8.年代与几十几岁:通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。
表示年代的数词前用定冠词in the 90s
表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词in one’s twenties