译林版八下U5知识点总结
1. You're old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.
霍波,现在你足够大了,该学礼仪了
解析manners,名词,意为‘礼貌,礼仪;规矩”,常用复数形式。固定短语: good manners有礼貌; bad manners没有礼貌。
如: ------His good manners were praised by his teachers.
他的彬彬有礼受到了他的老师们的称赞。
------He has no manners.No wonder nobody likes to play with him.
他毫无礼貌。难怪没人喜欢和他玩。
拓展manner作单数名词时,还可表示“方式;方法;举止;态度”。
如: ------ She has a calm relaxed manner.
她举止镇定而从容。
2. Second, don't cut in on others.
第二,不要打断别人的话。
解析cut in (on sb. /sth. )意为“打断(谈话),插嘴”。cut为动词,意为“切,割,剪”,常用短语: cut out剪出,裁出;cut off切断,砍断。
如: ------Don't cut in when others are talking.
当别人在交谈时别插嘴。
------He kept cutting in on our conversation,
我们谈话时他一直插嘴。
拓展cut in还可表示“强行超车”。
如: ------He cut in on a red car.
他强行超到辆红轿车前面。
3. Always wait politely.
要一直有礼貌地等待
解析politely,副词,意为‘礼貌地”,在句中修饰动词wait。其形容词形式为polite, 意为“礼貌的”,常用短语be polite to sb.意为“对某人有礼貌”。其反义词为impolite,意为“无礼的”。如: ------Everyone should speak politely in public.
在公共场合大家应该用语礼貌。
------It's polite to knock on the door before entering the room.
房间之前敲门是有礼貌的。
4. drop litter everywhere
到处扔垃圾
解析:litter,不可数名词,意为“垃圾,杂物”。
如: ------ The streets were full of litter.
街道上满是垃圾。
------People will be fined for dropping litter.
人们将因乱扔垃圾而被。
litter作动词,意为“乱丢杂物”。
如: ------The floor was littered with newspapers. 地板上都是报纸。
5. leave the tap running
让水龙头一直开着
解析run,动词,意为“流动”。weight常用短语
如: ------The water is running.
水在流动。
------ I had a bad headache and my nose ran a lot.
我头痛得厉害,而且我流了很多鼻涕。
拓展: run作动词,还可表示“跑;(车辆、机器)开动”等。
如: ------ I don't run as fast as you,
我跑得没你快。
归纳:含run的短语
run across偶然碰见
run out of ......跑出来
run after 追赶
run to 请求帮助
run away 逃跑
run into撞上
6. pick flowers in the park
在公园里摘花
解析pick,动词,意为“采,摘",后可接名词、代词等作宾语,指将花、树叶、水果等从树或其他植物上取下。
如:------ This month is the time to pick fruit.
这个月是摘水果的时间。
拓展: pick作动词,还可表示“挑选;选择”。
如: ------Pick the best one.
挑个最好的吧。
7. queue for your turn
排队等候你的顺序
解析turn,名词,意为“轮流,(轮流的)顺序”。常用短语: in turn依次,轮流; take turns to do sth.轮流做某事,相当于do sth. in turn。固定句型“It's one's turn to do sth.”意为“轮到某人做某事了。”。
如: ------Whose turn is it next?
下一个轮到谁了?
------It is my turn to treat us today.
今天轮到我请客了
拓展 turn作动词,意为“旋转,使转向;翻动(书页);(使)变成”等。
如: ------He turned to look at her.
他转过来看着她。
------When she saw this, her face turned red.
当她看到这个时,她脸红了
8 ... and we should put them back after reading.
...并且看完后我们应该把它们放回原处。
解析: put back, 动副短语,意为“把....放回原处”。后接名词时,名词可放在back之前或之后,但接代词时,代词必须放在put 和back之间。
如: ------Please put your bike back.= Please put back your bike.
请把你的自行车放回原处。
9.What's the proper way to greet people there, Jenny?
珍妮,在那儿和人们打招呼的正确方式是什么?
解析:(1) proper,形容词,意为“符合习俗的;正确的”,同义词为right,反义词为improper,副词形式为properly,意为“适当地;正确地”。
如: ------He gave us a proper example of it.
他给我们举了它的一个恰当的例子
------That's not the proper way to turn off the machine.
那不是关掉机器的正确方式。
(2) greet, 动词,意为“问候,打招呼”,相当于say hello to,固定结构greet sb. with 意为“....方式)跟某人打招呼”。其名词形式为greeting,意为“问候,招呼”,复数形式为greetings。如: ------He greeted her with a big hug.
他以一个热情的拥抱来问候她。
------He sends greetings to all her family.
他向她的全家问好。
10. Well, British people say“ hello” or“nice to meet you”and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.
嗯,当英国人第一次和你见面时,他们说“你好”或“见到你很高兴”,并且握作握你的手。
解析:shake. 动词,意为“根动:抖动:(使)颤动”,其过去式为sook过去分词为shaken, shake one's hand意为“与某人握手”,,相当于shake hands with sb.
如:------They shake hands and get to be friends.
他们握手结交。
------You should shake his hand when you meet him
当遇到他的时候,你应当与他握手。
------We felt the house shaking.
我们感到房子在颤动。
11. British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.
英国人只和亲戚或亲密的朋友用亲吻打招呼。
解析:close, 形容词,意为“亲密的;严密的",表示关系或感情上“亲近”,可作定语或表语。其比较级为closer,最高级为closest.
如: ------ I believe you and he are very close friends.
我相信你和他是亲密无间的朋友。
拓展:①close作形容词,还可表示“靠近的;接近的",相当于near,常用短语be close to意为“靠近......”
如: ------He wants to be close to the local people.
他想接近当地的人。
②close作动词,意为“关、停业”等。
如: ------If you close your eyes, you can't see anything.
如果你闭上眼睛,你什么也看不见。
一言辩异:My close friend Jack is close to the door, so I ask him to close it.
我的好友杰克靠近门,所以我让他把门关上。
提醒:第一个close是形容词,意为“亲密的”;第二个close是形容词,意为“(距离)靠近的”,be close to意为“靠近...”;第三个close是动词,意为“关闭”。
注意:close作形容词时,读音为/kləʊs/ ;作动词时,读音为/kləʊz/.
12. But please avoid subjects like age,weight or money.
但请避免像年龄、体重或金钱这样的话题。
解析:avoid, 动词,意为“避免”,后面可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,但不能接动词不定式。
如: ------I avoided him as much as possible.
我尽可能地避开他。
------He avoided answering my questions
他避而不答我的问题。
拓展:后接ing的动词