任务型阅读专题
一、任务型阅读方法
表格题最重要的方法就是转换，这种方法在阅读理解中是非常重要的思想。做表格题的步骤：
1. 文章标上自然段。
2. 结合表格理清文章的结构，一般是总分结构。
3. 按照段落去定位对应题的答案，题目所在这句话的同义句。
4. 到同义句后，注意同义表达，是如何转换的，判断词性、时态和语态。
5. 平时错的题目把同义表达积累下来，多做题感觉。
二、左侧常见概括词
方法类:How to/Ways to(of)/Tips for/Steps/Advice on/Suggestions on
观点类:ideas/thoughts/opinions
优缺类:Advantages/disadvantages
概括类:Introduction 介绍/conclusion 总结
发展类:Development/history/progress 进程
原因类:Causes of/reasons for 连接句子：Because/since/as
差异类:Differences
问题类:Problem/Difficulties/trouble
结果类:Result
目的类:Purpose/aim/goal
关系类:Relationship/connection
地位类:Importance
对比类:While/on hand/on the other hand/compared with …
转折类:however/but;although/though;otherwise/or
递进类:Moreover/what’s more
举例类:For example/like/such as
三、任务型阅读转换
*词性转换
(一)动词与名词的转换
1. a symbol of=stand for/represent
2. act=take action to do
3. agree=reach an agreement
4.begin-beginning
5. celebrate-celebration
6. choose=make a choice
7.change a lot=make a big difference llect-collection
9.decide=make a decision 10. develop rapidly(快速地)=the rapid
11. discuss=have a discussion 12. feel=have the feeling
13. invent=inventor(人)/invention(物) 14. invite-invitation
15. weigh-weight
(二) 名词和形容词转换
1.because he is ill=because of his illness
2.be of some use =be useful
3.be of no help/use =be helpless/useless
4.be of great importance=be very important
5.be made of wood=wooden
6.danger-dangerous
7.death-dead/dying 8.difference-different
9.difficulty-difficult 10. have a good sense of humour=be humorous
11. have the ability of doing=be able to do=can do 12. have confidence =be confident in 13. heat-hot 14. ill-illness sick-sickness
15. kindness-kind 16. meaning-meaningful/meaningless
17. medicine-medical 18. noise=noisy(noisily)
19. others=other peopleperson=personal 20. Sadness-sad happy-happiness
21. safety=safe 22. show/have/take interest in=be interested in
23. silence-silent 24. strangers =strange people
25. succeed in doing sth=be successful in doing=do sth successfully=make sth a success=make sth successful
26. truth-true(truly) 27. week-weekly month-monthly year-yearly
28. without any help/ use/hope= helpless/useless/ hopeless
29. length-long, strength-strong high-height Weight-weigh Width-wide Depth=deep
30. in the east/west/north/south of= in the eastern/western/northern/southern part of
31. rain-rainy, clouds-cloudy Fog-foggy, wind-windy Showers-showery Storms-stormy shine-shiny Sun-sunny snow-snowy
(三)形容词和副词转换
1.a heavy rain=rain heavily
2fortable-comfortably
3.easy-easily
4.in a wise/kind/different/simple way==wisely/kindly/differently/simply (in a +adj.+way=adv.)
5.quick-quickly
6.slow-slowly
7. take an active part in=take actively
其他
< across=cross
< past=pass
3.Include-including
*正反义词转换
1. above-below
2. accept-refuse
3. ask-answer
4. certain-uncertain
6.early-late
7. famous/known-unknown
9.hard/difficult-easy 10. helpful-helpless 11. high/tall-low 12.honest-dishonest
13. hot-cold 14.interesting-boring 15.lucky-unlucky 16.lie-tell the truth=he honest 17.light-heavy/dark 18. like-dislike/unlike 19. meaningful-meaningless 20. more-less/fewer 21.open-close/closed 22. patient-impatient 23. perfect-imperfect 24. possible-impossible 25. proper-improper 26. quick/rapid/fast-slow 27 reason-result 28. remember-forget 29. rise-drop/fall 30. same/similar-different 31. thin-fat/thick 32. turn on- tun off
33. warm-cool 34. weak-strong/good 35. wrong-right/correct
*同义句型转换
1. provide sb. with sth= provide sth. for sb =offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.
2. need to do = It's necessary to do
3. go to foreign countries = go abroad
4. suggest doing = advise sb. to do
5. (no) chance/possibility = It's possible/ impossible to do sth.
6. never show off 炫耀 = be modest 谦虚
7. the cause of=the reason for
9. Lead to doing =cause sb to do=result in doing
10. believe in=trust(n/v)
11. Sb spend time in doing/on sth= sth take time to do
12. Sb spend money in doing/on sth=sth cost sb money=sb pay money for sth
13. more than=over
14.15 minutes=a quarter
15.30 minutes=half an hour
16. take place …happen/sth be held
17. make a living by doing sth.=do sth. for a living
18. as well=also/too
19. as well as=with/together with/and
20.die=pass away
21. be be full of
22. solve=work out=deal with
< together=gather
24. how to deal/do with it=what to do with it
25. be made up of=include
26. from time to time=sometimes=at times
27. think of/about doing=consider doing=come up with the idea/thought
28. stop=end=be over
29. If not=unless
30. begin/start=be on
31. better=improve
32. did once/in the past=used to do
33. =and ..
34. in fear=be afraid/scared/frightened
35. in mind=remember
36. cover/have an area of ...=...in area/size
37. any=not any more=no longer=no more
38. Let/make/have sb do=ask/tell/get sb to do
39. another three= three more
40. cheer sb up = make sb happy/cheerful=encourage sb to do
41.have fun doing = enjoy oneself doing=have a good time doing
42. be bad for==be harmful to= do harm to=harm
43.decide to do==make a decision to do=make up one's mind to do
44. prefer to do=would rather do=like sth better
to...
46. on one's own= by oneself=alone
47.give up doing.=stop doing
48.lose one's way=get lost
49. best= one’s favourite
as you can/as possible
51. be good at/be weak in=do well in/be poor at
52. go well with=match
53. stand for=mean/represent
54.take care of=look after=care for
55.look forward to doing=hope to do=wish sb to do
56. realize=be aware of(意识到) =come true/achieve(实现)
57. go into= enter
58. go out of=leave
59. want to know=wonder
< to spl. on foot= walk to spl.
61.take a plane to spl.=fly to spl.=go to spl. by plane/air
62. Take a bus/an underground to spl=go to spl.by bus/underground=go to spl. on the/a bus/underground
63. Take a car/taxi to spl.=take a car/taxi in a/the car
64.ride to spl.=ride a bike to spl.=go to spl. by bus=go to spl. on a/the bike
65.a trip to=a tour of=a journey of
weigh名词66.travel to spl.=pay a visit to spl.=visit spl.
67.take sb to visit spl.=show sb around spl.
68.take the second turning on the left = turn left at the second turning
69.hear from =receive a letter from
70.When she was 8 years old=at the age of 8=at 8
73.because=because of=so=as a result
74.as high/tall as=the same height as
75.as old/big as=the same age/size as
76.as heavy as=the same weight as
77.set up=start=build
78.matter a lot=be important=be of great importance to
80.don't know=be not famous=be unknown
81.have=with have no=without
83. had better (not) do= It's better (not) to do sth
84.drive fast=drive at high speed
85.worry about=be worried about
86.take a walk=go walking=go for a walk
87.all over the world=around the world
< the Internet=online
< ready for=prepare for=make preparations for
< both sides of=on either/each side of
91.way(s) to do= ways of doing=how to do
92.but/however=although/though
93.It’s hard/difficult for sb to do sth=sb have difficulty/trouble/problems doing sth
94. go up=rise go down=drop
95. work hard=be hard-working
96. have a lot of sth.=be rich in sth.
97. come back=return
98. d o anything to do=try/do one’s best to do sth
99. be a great danger=be dangerous to sb
100. d on’t do=never
101. d on’t forget to do=r emember to do=make sure to do
102. not far from=near=next to=be close to
103. f ail in doing=be unable to do=find it hard to do=don’t have the ability to do
104. tell sth to sb=share sth with sb
105. other things=something else
106. c an’t do nothing bu t to do=have no choice but to do
107. ask sb for help=turn to sb for help
108. a hunderd years=century
109. sports shoes=trainers
110. in the UK=in Britain in the USA/US=in America
111. be healthy=be in good health
112. Sth Break down=there is sth =something is =sth goes wrong 113. be a member of the club=be in the club
课堂小练
（1）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填写表格(每空限填一词)。
When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them?
If you’re like a lot of people, you probably just throw them away.
In some areas, it’s difficult to find people who can make repairs, and fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small objects are so inexpensive that it’s often easier to just buy a new one.
In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was R
epair Cafes: places where people can take broken items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are ready to help with repairs.
Postma opened his first Repair Cafe on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the cafe spread, and people began asking how they could start their own. In 2011, Postma set up the Repair Cafe Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighbourhood repair group.
Today, there are about 2,000 Repair Cafes around the world with meetings usually taking place once a month. Around 25 objects are repaired during each meeting. Everything is free, but donations are greatly welcome.
The cafes bring people lots of good things.They not only provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties(加强社区联系). Neighbours get to know one another as they work together on projects. Moreover, practical knowledge is passed along and kept. Things are used to be recycled,not thrown away, meaning less rubbish in landfills(废弃物填埋场).
Title: Repair Cafes
Background ➢Many people throw away the things that____1____broken any more around the house.
Problems ➢In some areas, it’s difficult to find people who can ____2____ repairs.
➢Fixing things can be very____3____.
➢It’s often easier to just buy a new one____4____of repairing a small cheap object.
Basic information ➢The first Repair Cafe was opened____5____by Martine Postma in Amsterdam in 2009.
➢About 2,000 Repair Cafes around the world have ____6____once a month.
➢Repairing things at such a cafe costs____7____but donations are welcome.
____8____ ➢They help improve the____9____between neighbours. ➢They help pass along and preserve practical knowledge. ➢They help____10____the environment.
（2）
Homestays are becoming more and more popular, and people around the world are offering their homes as hotels. Homestays offer cheap places to stay, and the chance for guests to see the area