被动语态的处理
1. 常见的汉译英被动语态
例1：他仅有的一点钱也被抢去了。
He what little money he had.
例2：他受人尊敬。
He by all.
例3：这些小孩每天早晨由母亲替他们穿衣服。
These children by their mother every morning.
例4：他遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。
He by his neighbours.
例5：这组织已给不良分子破坏了。
The organization by undesirable elements.
例6：这孩子将挨母亲责罚了。
The boy by his mother.
例7：一个男孩子让汽车压死了。
A boy by a motorcar.
例8：有明显的迹象表明，一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍视。
Obvious signs show that some old traditions and values by youth any more.
例9：这个问题必须以适当的方式予以处理。
The problem by appropriate means.
例10：该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查。
The plan by a special committee.
例11：缺点和错误是会克服的。
Shortcomings and mistakes .
例12：这艘轮船是中国制造的。
This ship in China.
例13：社会主义思想体系已为全国人民所接受。
Socialist ideology by the people of the whole country.
2. 无主句的被动语态
例1：一开始只能学习少数句型。
At first only a few sentence patterns can be learned.
例2：要把必要的资料收集起来，加以分析。
should be collected and analyzed.
例3：最后达成了协议。
At last was arrived at.
例4：如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期前不续借，就得按规定。
If are not retuned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, values翻译 must be paid in accordance with the regulations.
例5：随着工业的迅速发展，将生产出更多更快的喷气式飞机。
With the rapid development of industry, more and faster will be produced.
例6：昨天捉到了那凶手。
was caught yesterday.
例7：必须保证每天八小时睡眠。
for sleep must be guaranteed.
例8：门外堆了许多钢板。
was stored outside of the door.
3. 主动句被动译
例1：他站起来讲话，到会听众予以热烈鼓掌。
He rose to speak and was warmly applauded by the audience present.
例2：你听说过马拉松赛跑吗？去年国家体委曾在北京举行第一次全国马拉松锦标赛。
Have you heard of the Marathon Race? The First All-China Marathon Championship Race was held in Beijing lat year under the auspices of the Chinese National Athletic Committee.
4. 模糊语句的被动译法
例1：曾经有人提议立即设计和生产这种装置。
It was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.
例2：已经指出，他们的建议在某种程度上是合理的。
that their suggestion is reasonable to a certain degree.
例3：据说，她能讲几种外国语。
that she can speak several foreign languages.
She is said to be able to speak several foreign languages.
例4：大家知道，宇宙万物都在不断地运动和变化。
that everything in the universe is in constant motion and constant change.
例5：还不知道今天下午是否要开会。
whether there will be a meeting this afternoon.
例6：可以预见，在一个不太长的时间内，中国必将在科学技术方面赶上世界最先进的国家。
that China will certainly catch up with the most advanced nations in the world in science and technology in not too long a time.
练习四
翻译下列各句，注意被动语态的应用：
1. 人人钦佩他。
2. 他被人轻视。
3. 那孩子让他母亲惯坏了。
4. 最后达成了协议。
5. 这本书已译成了好几国语言。
6. 这件事将在下次会议上予以讨论。
7. 由于刮暴风，供电中断了好几个小时。
8. 我很荣幸，被邀请在这里讲话。
9. 全国到处都在兴建新的工厂和中小型水电站。
10.关于这个问题，已经说得很多了。
11.认识落后，才能改变落后。
12.那个男孩受了重伤，医院立即把他收下了。
13.我们的工作是可以在规定时间内做完的。
14.我国的工农业生产很快就提高了，我国人民的生活条件也大大改善了。
15.据说你们将提前一年毕业。
肯定句与否定句的转译
1. 一般句子的转译
例1：他们一直谈到入睡。
They didn’t stop talking until they fell asleep.
例2：他太年轻，还不能理解这件事。
He is too young to understand it.
例3：我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.
例4：我决不否认这一点。
I would be the last person in the world to deny it.
例5：到电视台很近。
It is no distance to the television station.
例6：要这样的高价简直是。
It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.
2. 形势与内容有差异的句子的转译
例1：我们不否认我们工作中有缺点。
We admit that we have some shortcomings in our work.
We do not deny that we have some shortcomings in our work.
例2：这正是我们要物的人。
This is just the man we are looking for.
This is no other than the man we are looking for.
例3：每当他听到这支曲子，总要潸然泪下。
Whenever he heard the tune he would be moved to tears.
Never did he hear the tune without being moved to tears.
A. 英语中有许多含有否定或半否定意义的词语在翻译中可充分利用，以便使译文符合英语习惯，并使句子结构多样化。
否定意义的动词：fail, lack, exclude, refuse, neglect, deny, overlook, withhold, refrain (from), miss等。
否定意义的名词：ignorance, failure, absence, refusal, neglect等。
否定意义的形容词：few, little, free from, short of, far from等。
否定意义的副词：little, otherwise, too…to, in vain等。
半否定意义的副词：hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom等。
否定意义的连词：unless, before, until, or等。
否定意义的介词和介词短语：without, beyond, above, against, except, but, past, instead of, in place of, out of, but for等。
否定意义的短语：prefer… to…, prefer… rather than…, had rather… than…, would rather…than…, would sooner… than…, better… than…, rather than…等。
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